A. O. POWYS 
286 
In Table XXVIII. the results were obtained from the deaths during 1895-9 
when the tabulation distinguished between the living and dead offspring. Since 
that date the offspring have not been so distinguished, but only the total or 
gross shown. As it may be of some value to show these for the longer period 
1895-1902 and to show the range of families in each class I have compiled 
Table XXXI. 
The mean family, median family, median children and percentage of married 
men producing half the children in each class are shown in Table XXXII. 
TABLE XXXII. 
Occupation 
Mean 
Family 
Median 
Family 
Median 
Children 
Percentage producing 
60 per cent, of 
Children 
Professiomil 
4-55 
3-39 
7-09 
22-58 
Domestic ... 
4-52 
3-34 
7-43 
23-12 
Commercial 
4-70 
3-64 
7-08 
23-30 
Industrial ... 
5-26 
4-42 
7-57 
25-11 
Agricultural, Pastoral, and Mining 
6-21 
5-74 
8-56 
27-37 
All 
5 -.39 
4-54 
7-85 
25-07 
It will be noticed that the averages — with one slight exception — are sensibly 
greater in each class for the period 1895-1902 than for the period 1895-9. This is 
not due to increasing fertility during the additional period but to the fact that 
New South Wales is annually increasing its proportion of old people which has not 
yet reached that of a normal community — in consequence of its comparatively recent 
settlement. For instance, the proportions of the population over 60 years of age in 
New South Wales were at the censuses of 1861, 1871, 1881, 1891, and 1901, 31, 
4 0, 4-3, 4"4, and 5-6 per cent, respectively, whilst the propoi tion in England and 
Wales at the last census was 7-4 per cent. But as this increase in age is common 
to all sections of the community the comparison between the fertilities of the 
various occupations is in no way vitiated. 
Tables XXXI. and XXXII. need but little comment. It is seen that Professor 
Pearson's conclusion that generally 25 per cent, of the married contribute 50 per 
cent, of the next generation is corroborated, though the percentage varies in the 
various classes, being largest in the rural and smallest in the professional classes. 
Further that his view that society is recruited from below is also sustained — 
that it is the comparatively short-lived artisan class, notwithstanding the highest 
mortality among its offspring, that is contributing the largest quota to the 
population. 
