454 On the Inheritance of Coat-Colour in Cattle 
TABLE IX. 
Collateral Inheritance. 
Species 
Man 
Horse 
Shorthorn 
Basset 
Hound 
Greyhound 
Mean 
Character 
Eye-Colour 
Hair- 
Coat- 
Coat-Colour 
Coat- 
Coat-Colour, 
Pigmen- 
I 
II 
Colour 
Colour 
Colour 
Studbook 
Eeturns 
tation 
Reduction 
Method 
4-fold 
Table 
4-fold 
Table 
4-fold 
Table 
4-fold 
Table 
25-fold 
Contingency 
4-fold 
Table 
36- fold Contingency 
Same 
Litter 
Different 
Litter 
Various 
AVhole Brothers 
Whole Sisters ... 
Whole Brother ) 
and Sisters \ 
Half Brothers i 
through Father \ 
Half Brothers i 
through Mother \ 
TT ir O" J. \ 
Halt Sisters ) 
through Father ( 
Half Sisters ) 
through Mother ( 
Half Sister and \ 
Brotherthrough V 
Father J 
Half Sister and \ 
Brotherthrough \ 
Mother J 
•52 
•45 
•46 
•54 
•52 
•53 
•62 
•57 
•55 
— 
•62 
•69 
•58 
•36 
•43 
•28 
•52 
•54 
•34 
•30 
•36 
•29 
•32 
•30 . 
A 
o 
I m ^22* 
r 00 
a 
en 
•52 
•60 
•56 
•52 
•56 
•51 
•55 
•56 
•53 
•34 
•33 
•36 
•36 
•32 
•29 
Mean result for \ 
whole siblings \ 
•48 
•53 
•58 
•63 
•53 
•53 
•56 
•53 
•55 
Mean result for ) 
half siblings ) 
•36 
•32 
•22* 
•33 
(11) General Conclusions. 
(a) With the exception of blue-grey cattle we are hardly likely to meet with 
a simpler colour combination in cattle than that to be found in the case of the 
shorthorn. If we consider the case of the cross of the polled black Galloway and 
the white shorthorn, then whether we deal with coat-colour or horns we find certain 
phases which suggest Mendelian ratios, but no simple Mendelian formula applies 
rigidly ; we find ourselves neglecting sensible percentages of occurrences incom- 
patible with a theory of the pure gamete. The hybrids of two races which at any 
rate breed approximately true, like the white shorthorn and white wild cattle, 
throw a considerable range of colours when they are mated. Thus to describe the 
colour action of shorthorn crosses will need a differentiation of the primary colour 
categories into homozygous and heterozygous groups, or the introduction of a 
* Not included in the general means of half siblings, as of doubtful vahdity. 
