27.2 
DEVONIAN FAUNA. 
are perfect and free from matrix, but still there is considerable difficulty in deciding 
both its generic and its specific position. A shell is described by Sowerby under 
the name Buccinum hreve^ from " Bradley." His drawing was taken from a very 
poor specimen, but evidently agrees with our shell and with Macrocheilus hrevis, 
Phillips, which is also said to be from " Bradley, near Newton Bushell." That 
shell bears a certain resemblance to our specimens, but is still so different from 
most of them that, if Phillips's figure be accurate, it could only be classed 
with them on the supposition that the species is extremely variable. The 
species is certainly extremely variable, as may be seen by examining the 
specimens in the British Museum or in Mr. Vicary's Collection. These show 
great variations in height, so as almost to include Phillips's shell, which is much 
longer than is usual with them. That feature, however, may be partly due to 
distortion, from which many of these shells have evidently suffered. 
The markings of this species are very peculiar. The upper whorls show them 
normally to be straight, raised, flattened, transverse ridges. As the shell advances 
in growth these are gradually broken into spiral rows by one or two furrows, 
and become short, curved, sharpish spines or nodules, which gradually seem to 
diminish and grow wider apart on the body-whorl. 
Generically the shell bears some likeness to Ampullina, but is separated from 
it by having a highly ornamented surface and by other particulars. 
It appears that the shell described by Kayser under the name of Turbo 
Schioelmensis belongs to the same species, although the German fossil is a much 
larger and finer specimen than are any of the English shells. Remembering the 
variability of the English species, it is far more probable that the differences 
observable between them have no specific weight. 
Affinities. — Delphinula subarmata, Sandberger,^ presents some similarity to the 
present species, but it diff'ers in having much closer, smaller, and more regular 
nodules, a more angulated mouth, and an umbilicus ; thus most probably it did not 
belong even to the same genus. 
4. Sub-family. — Turbinin^, Swainson, 1840. 
1. Genus. — Elasmonema, Fischer, 1885. 
The genus Gallonema was formed by HalP in 1879 for elongate or subglobose 
shells with rather numerous convex whorls, which are ornamented by distant, sub- 
1 1827, Sowerby, ' Min. Conch.,' vol. vi, p. 128, pi. dlxvi, fig. 3. 
^ 1853, Sandberger, ' Verst. Rhein. Nassau,' p. 215, pi. xxv, figs. 10, 10 ^ — c. 
3 1879, Hall, ' Pal. N. Y.,' vol. v, pt. 2, p. 50. 
