3 
attention. Cut away the flesh around the cartilage at the base of the 
ear and separate the skin of the back of the ear from the cartilage 
nearl3 T down to the tip. This may be done by pushing the thumb down 
between the skin and the cartilage and working it loose, or by using a 
blunt tool in the same manner. The thick skin of the nose and lips 
should be pared down and laid open until it is thin enough to allow 
the preservative to pass quickly through to the roots of the hair. 
HORNED ANIMALS. 
Animals with horns require a T-shaped cut on the back of the head 
and neck. This cut should be made from the outside. First slit the 
skin from one horn to the other and carry the cut around the base of 
each horn. Then, from the middle of this cross cut, carry a cut down 
the middle line of the back of the neck far enough 
to let the horns out (fig. 6) . In skinning animals 
with horns, skin as far down the neck as possible 
in the usual way, un joint the head (or cut off the 
neck) and take out the body. Then turn the skin 
right side out and skin the head and take out the 
skull (with horns attached) through the slit in 
the back of the neck. 
APPLYING THE PRESEK VATIYE. 
The main object of the preservative in any cli- 
mate is to set the hair at once and prevent the 
outer thin skin, or epidermis, from slipping and taking the hair with it. 
For this purpose salt is sufficient; Common table salt is best, but 
coarse salt may be used. The addition of one part of powdered alum 
to five or six parts of salt is very effective but is not necessary except 
in damp weather or in the tropics. Lay the skin flesh side up and rub 
salt into all parts of it ; put plenty behind the ear 
cartilage, about the nose and feet, and in the tail. 
When the tail is not split open, fill it all the tray 
to the tip. 
DRYING THE SKIN. 
After the skin has been salted, fold in the head 
and legs, roll it into a bundle with the hair side out , 
and let it lie for 12 to 24 hours. The salt draws 
the moisture to the surface during this time, and a 
great deal drains off. Then hang the skin over a 
line or pole' in a shady place and allow it to dry 
slowly. In winter, or in damp climates, after it has dried in the shade 
for 10 to 15 hours it may be hung in the sun and dried more quickly ; 
but a skin not cured by salt should never be dried in the sun. Never 
'stretch' a skin, and never hang a large skin on a nail. When first 
hung up, examine the edges of the skin and if any part has not received 
proper attention apply more salt. While drying, examine a few limes 
and open out any folds that may be found, exposing the soft places to 
the air. 
PREPARING THE SKULL. 
Carefully unjoint the skull from the neck and cut away the larger 
fleshy parts, including the tongue, being careful not to cut or break any 
