CHO UGH—NUTCRA CKER. 
81 
Three were seen in the Island in 1869. (Hadfield. 
" Zoologist.") 
In January, 1871, three were shot in Christchurch 
Harbour, two by Hart and one by Robert Keynes (Hart 
collection). 
Hadfield writing to the "Zoologist" in 1883, records 
that they were twice seen at Freshwater in the summer of 
the previous year. 
It is to be feared that the large number of jackdaws 
now inhabiting the Island cliffs will prevent the return of 
the chough to its former haunts. 
Genu s — Nucifraga. 
92. Nucifraga caryocatactes. Nutcracker. 
A rare accidental visitor. 
A male, shot on November 6th, 1868, in Pike's Field, 
Cattern's Hill, Christchurch, is in the Hart collection. 
The late Mr. A. G. Renshaw wrote as follows to the 
" Zoologist " in April, 1886 : " On February 8th, at Exbury, 
in Hampshire, on the skirts of the New Forest, I saw a 
nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes. It was close to the 
house where I was staying, and I recognised the note (with 
which one gets very familiar in Switzerland and the Alps 
generally) as I lay in bed. I got up at once, and saw my 
friend busy amongst the cones of a large fir-tree near the 
windows of my room. Perhaps the bird is commoner in 
this country than I suppose, but I never saw or heard one 
here before." 
This bird inhabits the Northern and mountainous parts 
of Europe and Asia. 
