kS^^^^l^i^Mtl R. M. KELLOGG'S GREAT CROPS OF 
Thb Eureka. 
The Kinpof Early Blackcaps. 
tiori of thingfs by contracting- for plants with 
parties who grow raspberries larg-ely for evap- 
orating-. Size and flavor cut no figure, so 
bushes are allowed to bear every year all they 
will and are soon destroyed, and these plants 
are then sent broadcast over the country on 
account of the low price at which they can be 
offered. 
The true way is to breed them up by propa- 
gating from young ideal canes in rapid suc- 
cession, keeping them under restriction by 
close pruning-, discarding weaklings and thus 
building up a potency of pollen and breeding 
stamina that is able to withstand unfavorable 
climatic conditions and give heavy returns for 
at least ten years. An occasional big crop does 
not accumulate money, nor does it give a com- 
mand of the market. Start right, prune right, 
cultivate right, grow large, luscious berries, 
and all other things shall be added. 
PlaatiMg. Rows should be at least seven 
feet apart and plants three feet apart in the 
row. Having fitted the ground as for straw- 
berries, plow a furrow about five inches deep 
for blackcaps, set the plants flat in the furrow 
with roots spread out in every direction, taking 
the greatest care to get fresh earth in contact 
with all the roots and cover immediately. 
Cultivation should be thorough and fre- 
quent until the last berries are all picked, when 
the old wood should be cut out. It is the great- 
est blunder to stop cultivating in the driest 
part of the season, when the bushes are bring- 
ing their great loads of fruit to perfection. 
The feet of the pickers tramp the ground down 
hard and capillary action brings the water to 
the surface where it is carried off by wind and 
sun very rapidly. Let the cultivator go 
through them after every picking. 
One of the neatest ways of growing rasp- 
berries is to string a wire about four feet high 
with a stake every forty feet, and tie the canes 
to this. The expense is not great, and it pre- 
vents the wind from threshing the berries off 
and gives clear space for cultivating. In this 
case I would not pinch them back, but let them 
grow in their natural way, and at winter prun- 
ing cut off' the upper third, and this will leave 
enough buds to produce all the berries the bush 
can mature without exhaustion. I have come 
to regard pinching off terminal buds, when the 
plant is about eighteen inches high, a mistake. 
Checking natural growth at this time interferes 
with assimilation of plant food, and if the sea- 
son is very dry and hot several days often 
intervene before new buds start. 
But if ground Is rich, canes get so long 
that cultivation is interfered with and pinching 
back might become a necessity if wire is not 
used. Great care should be exercised to remove 
only the terminal bud and not a leaf if it can 
be prevented. Never pinch in the laterals. 
One pinching of the main plant is enough. 
Never tie the canes to a stake in a bundle. 
They must have light and air and will not fruit 
without it. 
Red Raspberries should be treated the same 
as blackcaps except no pinching should be 
done. Let them grow in their natural way. 
The hardiness of raspberries as well as black- 
berries depends on securing a vigorous growth 
early in the season and keeping the ground 
moist by thorough cultivation during fruiting 
season. If they are allowed to dry up at fruit- 
