INTRODUCTION. 423 
book that brought the British mosses to the notice of 
students in this country. 
Sir W. J. Hooker was born at Norwich, 1785, was Regius 
Professor of Botany at Glasgow, 1820, and afterwards 
Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, to 1865. Hooker was 
a very good artist, and made beautiful drawings of mosses 
which are of great service in discriminating these minute 
plants. The drawings in Hooker's " Musci Exotlci,"— 
2 vols, published in 1818 and 1820 — are excellent and the 
work is of great help in the study of tropical and other exotic 
mosses, and is often referred to by writers on them. 
"Muscologlae Hibernicae Spicilegium," by Dawson 
Turner, A.M. published at Yarmouth, 1804, contains a list 
of Irish mosses and has 16 plates with good figures of several, 
and is often quoted from. 
Smith and Sowerby's "English Botany" was begun 
in 1790 and extended to March, 1814. In this were enumer- 
ated 348 mosses and 80 Hepaticae. Supplement in 1831, 
1834, 1843, 1849, and part of a 5th volume 1865. 
Yorkshire contributors to "English Botany" were James 
Backhouse, York ; W. Brunton, Ripon ; Rev. J. Dalton, 
Croft, Yorkshire ; Rev. J. Harriman, Croft, Yorkshire, 
(discovered Gentiana verna in Teesdale) ; Edward Robson, 
Darlington ; Jonathan Salt, Sheffield ; Richard Spruce, 
Welburn, Castle Howard. (^See Biographical Index of 
British and Irish Botanists by James Britten and G. S. 
Boulger, 1893). 
The fifth volume of Sir J. E. Smith's "English Flora," 
containing the descriptions of the Mosses and Hepaticse 
edited and partly written by Hooker was issued in 1844. 
In 1836 was commenced on the Continent the great work 
on European mosses, The Bryologia Europoea, by Bruch, 
Gumbel, and Schimper, which was not completed until 
1855. In this work a more natural arrangement of these 
plants was attempted. The improvements made by the 
June, 1905. 
