C)2 The Birds of the Assyrian Monuments and Records. 
(slid -IT- ~? —TT<T* r ~V *T)' mention wil1 
be made by-and-by. 2 
(6.) The zi-i-bu Hy^5r£^) or ^^-ru-kha-ai 
(^Efe ^III H< It TD is certainl y the " wolf bird"; in 
Accadian this bird is called nu-um-ma, " the highlander " 
(*^~ >=^yy the ordinary name of the carnivorous mammal 
in that language. Zibu is the Hebrew HNT, u a wolf." 
Mur-ru-khdi maybe the Arabic murrukh Q,JL^), with the same 
meaning ; but I think we should read khar-ru-khai as an 
onomatopoetic word. Nothing more definite can be learnt 
than that these two names denote some rapacious bird, 
whether vulture, eagle, hawk, buzzard, &c. 
(7.) As instances of the names of owls I will select 
three ; the great eagle owl, Bubo maximus, or rather B. asca- 
laphus, which in Asia appears to be the representative 
of the European species, is, I think, denoted by the words 
es-se-bu (<« ^ and klm-Si-i (V|<y Jrg). Dr. 
Delitzsch compares es-se-pu with the Heb. f^ttf^ (yanshupli), 
which Rabbinical writers identify with the kiphupha, " the 
large horned owl." I am, however, rather inclined to think 
that both the names of essepu and khus"i are borrowed from 
the Accadian. The first word denotes a "prince," and 
the latter a " pilot," or " commander " ; " the prince 
of birds" would be a very appropriate designation for 
this majestic owl. 3 The only bit of word in the Accadian 
column is ^<^[; but the full form occurs in W.A.I., 
V, 27, 37, where it is explained as " the bird of evil." The 
1 This character is perhaps a misapplied >^-^z (ar). 
2 In W.A.I. J*"" >-^| >-^>= >^]B = iarrad cipri ; this name must be read 
lal-Ja-ar-tuv, the exact equivalent to sar-rad cipri, " terror of regions," in 
W.A.I., II, 24, 55, f {lal)=ia-ra-du sa UB, "terror (T1D) of the district," 
showing that here we have to deal with a bird of prey. The Accadian part of 
this name, ^ A^- A^- adim-ma (W.A.I., V, 29, 69, 71), is equated with 
^yy^ tar-bu, growth, "greatness," increase (n2"l). 
3 Es-se-pu = sar, "king" ; see W.A.I. , V, 30, 1. 5, obv. Khusi = racipu, "driver," 
" pilot " ; see W.A.I., IV, 32, 32 ; cf. Del. Tabl., Trans. Bib. Soc, III, p. 543 ; 
and Khu$;=KMnnu, "rudder of ship," W.A.I., II, 62,1. 52, 2, obv. 
