TAYLOR: DUMINANCY IN NATL'RK. 
39 
desired cuusummatioii, for cilthough there must of necessity always 
be relative degrees of vigour and capacity in the status of the 
}>eoples of the world subjected to differing environments, yet the 
general level of the mental and moral attributes of mankind will, 
undoubtedly, be gradually raised, and must result in the general 
uplifting and ennobling of the human race, the betterment of the 
whole world, and the evolution and dissemination of a higher ty])e of 
mankind than the world has hitherto seen. 
In concluding this survey of the subject of "Dominancy in 
Nature" it will be desirable to summarize the conclusions to which 
we are led by the evidence addiiced or which can be adduced, and we 
may conclude : 
That the principles of Dominancy in Xatui-e with its accompanying 
and inseparable consequences, the occupation of the most favourable 
positions by the latest evolved and stronger f(jrms and the subse- 
quent expulsion and migration of the older and weaker species or 
their compulsory adoption of other uiodes of life may be accepted. 
That these weaker or more primitive species or genera when thus 
expelled from their native regions, can never again return thereto, 
as the area becomes tenanted by the stronger and later developed 
forms that ejected them, so that to speak of a genus ov species 
spreading from a primitive region into one of higher dominating- 
power and after a lapse of centuries returning to its so-called original 
home, cannot be upheld and is a grave misapprehension of the laws 
of life ; but this must not, however, be confused with the periodical 
or erratic irruptions of Lemmings, Sand Grouse or other species which, 
owing to an excessive increase in numbers, are compelled to seek food 
and space elsewhere, but which nevertheless cannot make permanent 
settlements within the more dominant countries where they are 
gradually or (piickly destroyed. Such cases are paralleled in human 
history by such irruptions as those of the Huns, the Turks, and other 
races into Europe. 
That the existence of an active evolutionary area, where the chief 
types of life have been evolved and improved races of animals and 
plants arise more quickly than elsewhere, has been shown to be highly 
probable by the convergent results of several lines of study, and that 
this region is under present conditions located in North-Central 
Europe, is shown by the pre-eminence of its life-forms and by the 
gradually diminishing dominance of the fauna and flora of the 
surrounding countries. 
That all the most advanced and all advancing or progressive types 
of life are derived originally from this chief evolutionary area of 
North-Central Europe and that other countries cannot be shown to 
have evolved any or only few^ new types of life, but merely to have 
varied and amplified those derived from Europe without the initiation 
of any essential structural modifications. 
