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Wliether it was really absent during life, or whether it had been torn away by the 
enibalmer, 1 could not make out. The testicle on the other side was surrounded by 
sawdust and earth, and it was only with the greatest difficulty that I found part of it 
together with shreds of the cremaster muscle. The microscopical sections obtained are 
represented by Plate VII, Fig. 6. The spermatozoa and other cells had entirely disap- 
peared, and were replaced by a very small quantity of a yellowish, almost homogeneous 
substance. 
In the Greek mummy before-mentioned the testicles were found, as tiie scrotum 
had not been packed at all. They were very badly preserved and all that could be made 
out for certain were the septa between the lobes. Altogether the result of the examina- 
tion of the testes was not very satisfactory. 
MAMMARY GLANDS. 
XXIst dynasty. The mammary glands of women were sometimes not packed and therefore lie 
flattened and dried against the chest wall. The only mammte I examined were those 
of old women in which the glandular structure had almost wholly disappeared. The 
alveoli were recognisable in places, the epithelium cells forming thin, dark strands 
lining them. Strangely enough the connective tissue showed beautiful nuclei (see 
Plate XI. Fig. 4). 
SUMMARY. 
The object oi this work was to ascertain the state of preservation of mummies, 
vpith the ulterior object of studying pathological changes histologically. The question 
question now arises, whether one is justified in hoping that histological methods 
are likely to be of assistance in the elucidation of the pathology of ancient Egyptians. 
My studies show that the general arrangement of the anatomical elements entering 
into the formation of tissues and organs of mummies of the XXIst dynasty, and of 
dried bodies is well preserved, as the chief microscopical characteristics of the skin, 
breast, lungs, liver, kidneys, testicles, heart, intestines, stomach, bloodvessels and 
muscles are easily recognised. Indeed none of my numerous competent visitors had any 
difficulty in diagnosing from what organs the microscopical slides shown to them had 
been prepared. On the other hand, however, many cells have undergone important 
