■Circular 193.1 
an admirable and interesting object lesson for the young geologist. It is perched 
on a battered old Silurian floor, exposed to view in many places, but in none more 
conspicuously than in the country proposed to be traversed by the Geological 
Section. The imagination may be called into play when thinking of the initial 
liistory of these old Silurian rocks, and of their chequered course through long aeons 
•of time, unaffected probably by the seas and great lakes of Devonian age, until 
finally they were covered by the encroaching waters, and so became the platform on 
which the great Scar limestone beds, now so useful a feature in the landscape, were 
successively deposited. Resting on these massive limestones there follow in regular 
sequence the Yoredales of Phillips ; the whole being topped by grits of early Mill- 
stone age. Doctor Hind, at a recent meeting of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 
pointed out that the "Yoredales" were but a phase in the Carboniferous System 
due to physiographical conditions, and that their distinctive character resulted 
probably from a deposition in the delta of some great river flowing approximately 
from the north-east. As these beds would necessarily thin out as they approach 
the margin of the delta. Dr. Hind's theory may be helpful in explaining the 
dissimilarity of the Carboniferous beds north and south of the Great Faults. 
BOTANY. — The Botanical Section will be officially represented by Dr. 
W. G. Smith (President). 
Flowering Plants. — Mr. P. Fox Lee writes : — The first excursion for 1879, 
the first of the Union's Rambles, was held at Ingleton, on Easter Monday, 14th 
April. In the Circular issued on that occasion, Mr. William West gave a list of 
'jiowering plants he had noted there in the previous April, viz. : — Saxifra^a 
jjppositifolia, Sesleria ccei idea, Sedum Rhodiola, Aspleniitm viride, Ly/copodium 
alpinutn, and L. Selago. Also Mr. Hindson, of Kirby Lonsdale, added a few 
others occurring in the district, but at a little later time of the year. I, too, have 
gathered ihere Primula farinosa, Ophrys miiscifera, Habenaria albida^ Paris 
quadrifolia, and Sclmnus nigricans, although these will not be sufficiently advanced 
now to be noticeable. 
Botanical Survey Committee. — A survey of some area will be carried out 
during this meeting. Members and others wishing to join in survey work may 
ascertain details from the Convener (Dr. W. G. Smith), at Ingleton on Saturday 
morning. 
Mosses and Hepatics. — The Yorkshire Bryological Committee will be 
officially represented by Mr. Wm. Ingham, B.A., who writes : — Ingleton is an 
excellent centre for the bryologist. Among the many mosses found close by 
Ingleton are Polyirichum strictum, Diaanella squarrosa, Grimmia apocarpa var. 
rivularis, Rhacomitrium protensiwi, Ptychomittium polyphylluNi, Hypniim 
Jalcatmn var. virescens, (the last three , all close by Thornton Force), Trichostomniit 
mtitabile, Bieutelia arcuata, Heierodadiiun heteroplerum, Enrhynchium Teesdalei, 
and E. putnilnm in fruit. Helk's Wood is interesting ground, where may be 
found Weisia microstoma var. obliqtta, Thiiidiiim recogniium, Brachythecium 
.glareosum in fruit, Hypnum incurvatum in abundant fruit, and Hypnu?n palustre 
var. subsphaericarpon. Bryologists who have time should not omit Ingleboro', on 
'the slopes of which are the following rare mosses : — Polytrichum alpintim, P. 
strictum, Dicranum fuscescens var. falcifoliiun, Barbula reciirvifolia, Tortnla 
.aloides, Dicranodontium longirostfe var. alpinum, Zyqodon gracilis, Rhacomitrium 
sudeticum, CEdipodium Griffithianum, AInium orthorrhynchum, Eucalypta com- 
mittata, E. ciliata, E. rhabdocarpa, Alyurella julacea, and Pseudoleskea cateiiulata. 
Fungi. — The Yorkshire Mycological Committee will be officially represented 
by its Secretary, Mr. C. Crossland, F.L.S., who writes: — There are very few 
irecords of Fungi for this district. The date of the excursion is suitable for Spring 
.PezizcB and Helvellcc. Careful investigation of likely places will almost certainly 
result in the finding of members of one or other of tliese groups. The time is too- 
isarly for Agaiics, etc. 
