thick on Thorne Waste, and some excellent sections are exposed, {c) There are 
good exposures on the south side of Crowle Hill of gravels consisting of Keuper 
marlstone interstratified with sand ; and at Thorne of gravels and sand, consisting 
chiefly of pebbles of magnesian limestone, with some rounded chunks of Bunter, 
and a sprinkling of strangers. These exposures, and some gravel ridges 
in the intervening area, form an interesting link between the gravels of 
magnesian limestone visited last year at Askern, and the " Gryphoea " and other 
gravels recently inspected near South Cave. 
BOTANY. — The Botanical Section will be officially represented by Messrs. 
H. H. Corbett, W. G. Smith, Ph. D., and T. W. Woodhead, Ph. D. 
Mr. Corbett writes : — The Plant associations of the Moor are very characteristic 
and interesting. Tlie borders of the Moor are fringed with a thick growth of Birch, 
Alder, Willow, Gale, and Bramble, the undergrowth being chiefly Bracken. Along 
with these are planted numerous Pines and Larches. Upon the Moor itself are several 
distinct associations, (i) Wherever the peat has been recently disturbed and raised, 
wind-borne colonists predominate, the most conspicuous being Epilobium 
angttUifolin7}i. (2) On dry parts not recently disturbed is a luxuriant growth of 
Bracken. In some places the ferns are eight feet high or more. (3) The natural 
surface of the bog is cliiefly occupied by Calluna,Myrica and Eriophortim vaginatum^ 
with much Erica ietralix and Androtneda in places. (4) The lower and wetter 
portions support Carex spp.^ Eriophorum angiisiifolium, JDrosera, etc. 
Among the more interesting species to be found in flowers at the time of the 
•excursion are Thalictriun Jlavtim, Ramcnctdtis godronii, /t*. circinatus , R. arvensis, 
Erysinmm cheiranihoidcs, Barb area siric la ^ Lepidiit7n draba^ Coronoptis Rnelii, Drosera 
rohindifolia, D. inierfiiedia, Stellaria aquatica, S. glanca, Buda rubra, Comariirn 
pahisire, Rubus fissns, R. plicaiiis^ Rosa obttis/Jolia, Peucedarzum palustre, Dipsacus 
sylvestris, Bidens iripartita, Hieracium mnbellatzim, Sckollera Oxycoccus, Andromeda 
Foiifolia, Rhinanthus major, Lysimachia Nuvimzdaria, L. vulgaris, Typha 
angustifolia, Pola?)iogeton Friesii, P. pectinatus, Bzitozmis umbellaitis, Hydrocharis 
?norsHs-ran(£, Carex curia, C. pseudo-cyperus, etc., etc. 
Fungi. — The Mycological Committee will be represented by its Secretary, 
Mr. C. Crossland, F.L.S., who writes : — There are sure to be many Fungi on the 
Waste, after the more than copious rains that we have had. 
VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY.— The Vertebrate Section will be ofi^cially 
represented. 
Mr. Corbett writes : — 
Mammalia, — The usual woodland and marshland species are to be found, 
and both Otter and Badger still haunt the neighbourhood. 
Aves. — The Moor itself, and its edges, thick with birch, willow, gale, etc., 
aftbrd abundant shelter and breeding sites for birds ; and did the keepers let them 
■alone, far more would avail themselves of the chance of making themselves at home. 
Among the more interesting species seen by the writer during the breeding season 
are : — Stonechat, Wheatear, Nightingale, Wood-warbler, Reed-warbler, Grass- 
hopper-warbler, Lesser Redpole, Corn-bunting, Nightjar, Great-spotted W^ood- 
pecker. Green Woodpecker, Kingfisher, Long-eared Owl, Tawny Owl, Heron, 
Mallard, Turtledove, Blackcock, Water rail, Redshank, Snipe, Common Sandpiper, 
Curlew, Black-headed Gull, Little Grebe and Great Crested Grebe. 
Reptilia. — Adders are common on the Moor, and Grass Snakes in the damp 
fields near by. Lizards are occasionally seen on sandy banks. 
Amphibia and Pisces. — There is nothing of especial interest in these orders. 
CONCHOLOGY. — The Conchological Section will be represented by 
its President, Mr. J. E. Crowther. 
