GEOLOGY. — The Geological Section will be officially represented by 
Mr Cosmo Johns and Mr. E. Hawkesworth. 
Mr. Hawkesworth writes : — The pre carboniferous rocks of the Horton area will 
well repay attention. The valley is cut through them from Horton to Great 
Stainforth, where they are terminated by the Craven fault. They are well exposed 
on both sides of the dale, but particularly so on the western side, where they are 
quarried extensively, and the junction between them and the overlying carboniferous 
rocks is shown vividly. Professor T. Mc K. Hughes, in his paper in Proc. Yorks. 
Geol. Soc, quoted above, gives the following succession. 
A. Silurian — a. Studfold Sandstone. 
b. Horton Flags (Upper Coniston Flags of Lake District). 
c. Austwick Grits. 
d. Pale Slates and Graptolitic Mudstones with subordinate 
Limestones. 
e. Basement Bed of Silurian. 
B. Bala Beds (Ordovician). 
The classification of the Geological Survey is somewhat different. There is a 
good section of the lower beds in Delaney's Quarry. The section of Crag Hill is 
full of interest, showing the Silurians folded over the Bala beds. The Horton 
Flags, which have an estimated thickness of 2,000 feet, are worked at Areo Wood 
Combs and Dry Rigg quarries, many fossils having been found at the latter place, 
in calcareous concretions. Graptolites may be found in the quarry at Helwith 
Bridge. 
Mr. R. H. Rastall, in a recently published paper, places the beds below the 
Coniston Limestone, at Dow Gill and Row End, near Horton, in his Ingletonian 
series of slates and grits, which he concludes to be of pre-Cambrian age. 
BOTANY. — The Botanical Section will be officially represented. 
Flowering Plants. — Mr. Wm. West writes : — Among the flowering plants are 
Actcca spicata, Thalicirum miints, Trollitis, Cardafnine impaiiens, Diaba incana^ 
Cochlearia alpina, Geranitwi sa7iguineu?n, G. sylvalicum, Toieritifn sanguisorba, 
Rubus saxaiilis, R. Chaviaevior2is, Pyrus rupicola, Sediun rhodiola, Saxifraga 
oppositifolia, S. hypn aides, Galitini sylvestre^ Scabiosa Columbaria, Antennaria 
diviea, Cardtms heterophylltis, Carlina, Pi-imuia farinosa. Daphne mezereum, 
Liiiera cordaia, Blysnnts compressus, Carex rigida, Sesleria carnlea, Lycopodium 
clavatum, L. alpimim, L. Selago, Selaginella, Asplenium viride, Cryptogramme 
€rispa, Polypodium Robertianum, Cystopteris fragilis, etc. 
Mosses and Hepatics. — The Yorkshire Byrological Committee will be 
officially represented. 
Mr. West writes : — Among the very numerous species which occur here, 
belonging to this section, are the following : — Ajidreaa petrophila, A. crassinervis, 
A. Gri?nsulaiia, many species of Sphagnum, Rhabdoweisia fugax, Dicranum 
Juscescens, Diirichutn Jlexicanle, TricJiostoinutn uiutabile, Barbula intermedia, 
Ulota Bruchii, Barlramia CEderi, Breutelia, Mnium serralum, M. undulatiun in 
fruit, Myiirella jidacea, Psendoleskea caiennlaia, Jiingermannia cordifolia, J. 
sphterocarpa, J. riparia, Nardia ema^ginata, Reboiilia hemispherica, Preissia 
<:ofnmntata, etc. 
W". Ingham writes : — Horton is an excellent centre for the bryologist, as the 
following plants indicate, all of which grow close by this place, 
Weisia rtipestris, Barbula recurvifolia, B. vinealis, Tortula intermedia, 
Swartzia montana, Grimmia trichophylla on slate rocks, Rhacoinitrinm 
fascicnlare, Zygodon motigeotii, Splachuuyn spliaericurn, Bartra?nia GE,de7-i, Plagio- 
bryum Zierii, Antitrichia curtipendida, Orthotheciiim intricatum, B^achytheciinn 
populetcm, B. plumostim, Plagiothecimn ptdchellnvi, P. elegans, the last on 
Penyghent crags. 
