PERMISSION to visit their properties has been kindly granted by Sir Hugh 
Bell, Bart. ; the Earl of Faversham, and J. S. Barwick, Esq. 
GEOLOGY. — The Geological Section will be officially represented. 
Mr. E. Hawkesworth writes : — The district appears to be an attractive one to 
the geologist. The predominating feature is the escarpment formed by the face of 
the Cleveland Hills to the Vale of York, which gives an almost complete section of 
the Jurassic rocks, ranging from the Lower Lias to the upper beds of the Middle 
Oolites. The limits of a paragraph will not admit of a detailed account of such a 
number and variety of beds as are represented. Most of the published information 
is rather old, and now that jet working and the manufacture of alum are extinct, 
the rocks are not of great economic importance, so that new artificial exposures are 
rare. However, in the remnants of the old workings, the natural exposures in the 
main escarpment, and in the sides of the gullies, many opportunities will be 
afforded for the examination of the rocks, and their fossil contents. 
Immediately north-east of Osmotherley is a series of six north and south faults. 
One of these, with a maximum displacement of probably 200 feet, runs through 
Scarth Nick, which is a good example of a fault- valley, and the effects of the fault 
are here clearly discernable. 
To the student of Glacial Geology, the district affords much of interest. Drift 
deposits occur up to about 400 feet, O. D. on the main escarpment, but in Scug- 
dale up to over 700 feet. Scugdale is a good example of the site of an old glacier- 
lake. To quote from Professor P. F. Kendall's paper on "Glacier-Lakes in the 
Cleveland Hills" (Q.J.G.S., 1902, p. 513), to which reference is recommended — 
"At the western extremity of the escarpment there occurs the only example of a 
valley opening to the northward. This valley, Scugdale, is hemmed in by lofty 
ridges rising to upwards of 1,000 feet, except at one point, where a gap occurs in 
Stony Ridge, on the west side of the valley. Here a narrow, sharply-cut notch 
breaks through the 1,000 ft. contour, and forms the intake of a deep channel, 
Holy-Well Gill, which has all the characteristics of a lake-overflow." 
Very useful work can be done in noting the contents and altitude of the 
Drift deposits in the escarpment, from Scarth Nick southward. 
Mr. Burton writes. — The exposures of the Lias are not very well seen, as much 
of the area is drift covered, and the workings have generally been so long aban- 
doned that they do not now present fresh faces. Still the sandy series of the middle 
Lias may be seen at Nun House, about half a mile north of Over Silton, with the 
Avicula seam of Ironstone lying above them ; and the same beds may be traced 
for a considerable distance southward along the face of the escarpment until they 
are wholly hidden by drift. The main seam of Ironstone greatly attenuated, is 
exposed in Codbeck, close to Thimbleby Lodge, and here again may be noted, as 
at Nun House, the occurrence of the Sandy Series of the Middle Lias, The upper 
Lias in the neighbourhood of Osmotherley may be traced at various points, but its 
thickness here as compared with coast sections is greatly reduced. The Alum shale 
has been worked in Oak Dale, less than a mile east from where the road crosses 
the Codbeck close to Thimbleby Lodge, and here the Dogger, only about to 2 
feet thick, is well seen, but is absent or only faintly indicated in other places in the 
neighbourhood. In some places the Dogger has been burnt for Lime, as in Lime 
Kiln Wood. In others it is too ferruginous to be used for this purpose. Lime 
Kiln Wood is the escarpment to the right of the road going down Scarth Nick, and 
it may be well to visit it as the faults at Scarth Nick expose a considerable section, 
and the marls and shales in Lime Kiln bank are very fossiliferous. The EUerbeck 
beds of the Lower Oolites are not very well seen in the neighbourhood, but the 
Grey Limestone Series are seen at the head of Oak Dale near Thimbleby, where 
they are found to be very fossiliferous. At Kepwick the Kelloways Rock, and 
Calcareous Grit are exposed, and in the neighbourhood the Oolite coal seams have 
been worked. 
