BOOKS AND MAPS. — The whole area is included in Sheets 97 S. W., 
Ingleborou^h Hill, and 92 N. W., Clapham and Bowland Knotts, of the 
One-Inch Ordnance Map, which may be obtained geologically coloured. See the 
Geological Survey Memoir of Ingleborough ; " North Yorkshire," by J, G. Baker ; 
" Fungus Flora of Yorkshire," by C. Crossland ; West's " Algae Flora " ; Nelson's 
"Birds of Yorkshire;" and Prof. Hughes' papers in "The Yorkshire Geological 
Society's Proceedings, \'ol. xiv., pts. 2 and 3 ; Vol. xv. pt. 3 ; Vol. xvi. pts. i 
and 2. Reference may also be made to Speight's " Craven and North- 
West Yorkshire Highlands," 1892; Davis and Lees' "West Yorkshire," 
1878; Balderston's " Ingleton : Bygone and Present," n.d. ; George 11. Browns' 
"On Foot round Settle," (2/-) 1896; Dr. W. Marshall Watts' "School i^lora," 3 
editions, 1878, 1879, and 1896; Clapham Circular (136), 14th May, 1898. Copies 
of the circular for the 136th Meeting can be obtained from the Secretary. Price 2d. 
HEADQUARTERS. — Will be at the New Inn, Clapham, via Lancaster. 
Terms. — Saturday evening to Monday morning, bed, board and attendance, 15/-. 
Those requiring accommodation must communicate with Mr. Harry Boys, the 
proprietor, at the earliest possible moment. 
ROUTES. — Saturday. — The gtneral body of naturalists on arrival of the 
9-18 and 10-25 a.m. trains will be conducted by the representatives of sections 
and by members of the Bradford Naturalists' Society to suitable localities. 
Geologists, under the leadership of Messrs. W. Robinson and E. Hawkesworth, 
will start from the New Inn immediately on arrival of members there from the 
9-18 a.m. train, and proceed, via Thwaite Lane, to Norber ; then examine the 
section of Bala Beds in Crummack Lane ; proceed to traverse the section 
exposed in Austwick Beck, near Wharfe ; and, if time permit, walk up to the 
Beck Head, where the Basement Beds of both the Silurian and Carboniferous 
formations may be seen. 
Word will be left at the New Inn as to where members arriving later may be 
likely to come across tlie parties. 
Routes for the following days will be arranged on Saturday evening. 
PERMISSION to visit their properties has been kindly granted by J. A. 
Farrer, Esq., the Rev. A. Ingliby, and the Rev. R. P. Stedman, 
GEOLOGY. — The Geological Section will be officially represented by its 
President, Mr. Cosmo Johns, and Mr. E. Hawkesworth, one of its Secretaries. 
Mr. W. Robinson writes : — The country under investigation, including Horton- 
in-Ribblesdale, visited last year, may be said, in a geological point of view, to lie 
on the margin or rim of the Lake District group of rocks, as all the strata below 
the Carboniferous Limestone, both there and here, were deposited in a continuous 
sea area which at a remote period spread over the Lake Country, the Isle of Man, 
and North Wales. 
Although the period in question (the Ordovician and Silurian) was characterised 
at first by great volcanic activity, it does not appear that any of the great lava 
flows reached quite as far as here ; and it is not improbable that the ashy grits and 
slates which lie above the Coniston limestone beds are the produce of water-borne 
volcanic material. 
As the sea floor continued to subside, the Austwick grits, the Horton flags, 
and the Studfold sandstones were laid down in succession in water which had 
become more tranquil, and with land not very far away, as would appear from 
their more or less sandy and homogeneous character. 
The cleavage and metamorphism seen in some of the beds, noticeably in those 
of Chapel-le-Dale and the folding and plication of the rocks, imply that higher 
beds, possibly the whole of the Ludlow group up to the red beds, were deposited 
here as in North Wales prior to their general upheaval. 
Denudation would follow on a vast scale during the immeasurably long 
interval of time which then elapsed before the approaching Carboniferous sea 
eroded and levelled the residue, and so formed a plain of marine denudation. 
Prof. Hughes, in one of his learned and interesting papers in the Yorkshire 
Geological Society's Proceedings, says that from the top of Ingleborough there maybe 
discerned the relics of two other great sea -plains or plateaux of marine denudation, 
namely : one, of which the top of Ingleborough forms a part, at an approximate 
elevation of about 2,000 feet : the other comprising the Lake District, the hills of 
which rise to about 3,000 feet ; and, he suggestively enquires, "What basement 
bed derives its pebbles from the shore of the sea that arrested denudation at the 
