SMALL FRUITS AND HOW HE GROWS THEM 
pruning, as a rule, cut off half the huds. The buds are 
distributed along the lower cane so if treated in this way 
they will hold their fruit up much better and not be liable 
to overbear and run out. Treat all suckers as weeds and 
cut them off as soon as they appear. 
The Early Ring. I have never seen an extra early 
red raspberry which has pleased me so much as this. The 
canes grow large, the berries grow big, they are so firm and 
ship so well and so bright in color that everybody who has 
|t will plant more and those who do not have it shonld get 
ft is the earliest of the Earlies. Its season lasts 
till the Cuthbert is ripe. 
Miller. Until the introduction of the Early King this 
stood at the head of the extra early berries and people who 
have It are so well pleased they will be slow to change. 
Berries are good size, bright color and firm enough to ship 
long distances. 
Turner. This has long been known as one of the most 
hardy, productive and reliable sorts of red raspberries. It 
was never known to winter kill in Michigan when properly 
cultivated. i- i- j 
■ Colorado Iron Clad. A variety of great value espec- 
ially in point of hardiness. It was found growing wild in 
many parts of Colorado, always withstanding the severest 
winters. Parties in the northwest who have been deprived 
of this delicious fruit should try this berry. The berries, 
while not a good shipper, are most deliciously sweet and 
for family use or near market are very fine. 
The Cuthbert. Long recognized as the queen of the 
market still holds its place. When pruned properly and 
given the oat cover crop we hear nothing of its being tender. 
It IS cultivated from ocean to ocean and the variety that 
takes its place will have to combine more good qualities 
than any yet found. Season is with the Gregg. 
„„. The beautiful residence anii grounds of Frank E. BEATTY.the 
tint Fiildler" In the berry business of Fountain coumv, Indiana, 
who lias built up a large and i>rolitable business In fancy berry 
growing. He writes: "I am fn recceipt of your letter of the 6th 
and wish to thank .vou very kindly for your Information and ad- 
vice. I have purchased plants of you for a number of years and 
have always found them Just as represented. After visiting 
your farm I am thoroughly convinced that vour method of plant 
growing ]s ilone exactly as you represent in your catalogue. I 
have adopteil your method of cultivating and careful plant selec- 
tion and by so doing have achieved grand results. There is no 
ques.inn but the key note of the berrv grower's success lies la 
healthy thoroughbred plants. Wishing vou the success your plants 
merit and you truly deserve, I am, Yours very truly. 
Frank E. Beatty. 
Nothing sells better, nothing pays better, noth- 
ing is grown more easily. The new method of 
starting the plantation produces double that of the 
old way. Its fruit is more luscious and a plantation 
will fruit heavily under good culture and pruning 
from fifteen to twenty years, giving annually large 
crops. 
The demand for this fruit is practically unlim- 
ited. The trouble is blackberries as offered are 
sour, seedy, and lack flavor. Scarcely a town in 
the country is supplied at all with large luscious 
blackberries. 
Under the new system of establishing the 
patch every cane is loaded with large lu.scious ber- 
ries of the most delicious flavor and gives a big 
crop every year because the ground is filled with a 
dense mass of roots making root pa.sturage of every 
square inch of soil for several feet around the plant, 
furnishing an abundance of food to sustain it in 
bringing its great load of fruit to full maturity 
without exhausting the plant. 
How it is done. — Pursue the same method ex- 
plained in breeding up strawberries. Find all the 
ideal canes bearing the finest fruit and not over two 
years old. Early in the fall dig them up and cut 
roots in pieces about three inches long and pack in 
boxes of clean, coarse, sharp sand and place in a 
cold cellar regulated with ice so the thermometer 
will stand at 35 degrees. An ordinary cellar will 
not do, for if allowed to get too warm the cuttings 
will commence to grow and all be spoiled. If 
allowed to freeze they will not callus and thus fail 
to emit sufficient roots. 
What is a callus?— It is a law of nature that 
when a root is cut or injured the plant will repair 
the dainage by sending out new roots, but no new 
roots will start until a callus is formed. Certain 
wood cells and a gristle-like substance must form, 
and out of this callus the roots start. The process 
requires time and goes on at a low temperature and 
the longer the root is kept in this dormant condi- 
tion the more calluses there will be. 
Roots prepared in October form calluses in great 
numbers before planting time the following May, 
THIS NEW BI^ACKBSRRY CVhTVRB. 
29 
when the cuttings are placed in nursery rows in 
rich, moist, sandy soil about three inches apart and 
one and a half deep. It is quite difficult to make 
them grow properly without irrigation. // the 
roots get dry they will fail. If buried too deep 
they damp off and die. Low, springy or cold 
ground will not do. They must have frequent cul- 
tivation and not a weed allowed to grow among 
them. As soon as dormant in the fall, the plants 
are carefully taken up and roots trimmed to the 
proper length and again packed in coarse, sharp 
sand so it is solid around every root and kept as in 
the first winter, when calluses form all along the 
sides and ends of roots so that when planted out 
where they are to fruit in the spring myriads of 
roots will start at one time and at the end of the 
season the ground will be full of fine feeding roots 
as above described. In keeping them in the callus- 
ing cellar it should be supplied with ice, for if per- 
chance the cellar gets too warm Uie plants will 
grow and be lost. We are able to send them to 
customers while dormant in tlie spring. 
The common way is, as in the case of rasp- 
berries, to let a patch fruit as long as it will and 
then mow off the tops and let suckers come up 
from between tlie rows and the next season to dig 
them up to start a new patch. Of course the weak- 
ness and exhaustion of the old patch is carried into 
the new. The roots on the plant are few and com- 
mence growing always from the end, and I have 
seen them extend several rods away, while near the 
canes the ground would not be occupied at all. 
The sap having to come through these long roots 
to the leaves for assimilation they are continuously 
sending up suckers which become a nuisance. 
Digging sucker plants destroys a plantation 
very quickly and causes the sucker nuisance to in- 
crease, and cutting the roots thus depriving the 
plant of its feeders when soon to be loaded with 
fruit, exhausts and renders it unfruitful. Treat all 
suckers as weeds and cut them off a little under 
the surface as soon as they come up. 
The location should not be on low or marshy 
ground. High ground ts better. 
