— 28 - 
K e n n e 1 give correct descriptions of the larva; the 
others quote the incoiToct description which B o u- 
c h e introdiiced in the literatiire ; it follows also that 
110 authors except W i 1 k i n s o n appear to have 
ki)o\Mi the hirva bv autopsy. It may also, in the light 
of the facts now revealeil, be doubted wether B o i s- 
d 11 V a 1 s and B o n c h e s statenients as to Eosa being 
its foodplant caii be relied upon; personally I am 
inelined to disregard theni. 
Life h i s t o r y. — In the neighboiir hood of Stock- 
holm the nioth makes its appearance in Jiily. The 
larvae A\ere observed for the first tiine the 25^ of 
May; they pupated about the lOth of June and the 
first inoths appeared the 8th of Jiily. No 2»* genera- 
tion has been observed during the three suniniers 
(1910. 1911, 1912) when I have had an opportunity 
of follo\\ ing its developnient. 
As mentioned above we find rccords that the eggs 
hybernate (but not where they are laid!) and that 
the la-rva lives also in the blossoms and in the friiits 
ot the maple. My efforts to verify these Statements 
have failed entirely and the evidence I have been able 
to bring together seems to show that these statements 
are AVTong. 
A coiiple of maples, on which in 1910 and 1911 
a considerable number of halfgrown larvae had been 
found in the end of May, were thoroughly examined 
in the spring' 1912; no eggs could be found on the buds 
or t^ngs nor any larvae in the blossoms, but neverthe- 
less in the end of May halfgrown larvae suddenly ap- 
peared on the leaves. The only explanation of this 
seems to be that the eggs do not hybernate but hatch 
in the sumraer and that the young larvae hybernate. 
On renewed examination of the maples in the middle 
of August a couple of small tortricid - larvae were 
discovered on fruits with 3 ,,keys" where they had 
spun a small tube of silk in the angle between the keys ; 
they fed on the keys, but unfortunately I did not 
succeeded in rearing them. They resembled in colour 
completely the halfgrown larvae which appear in the 
end of May, and had, moreover, a similar black spot 
at the side ot the head capsule, close to its base. Al- 
though the evidence is not yet conclusive, it seems to 
indicate that the life-history of the species has the 
following course: 
The eggs, laid probably on the stalks or on the 
keys, by moths appearing in July, hatch in the begin- 
ning of August and the larvae feed on the keys until 
autumn when they hybernate somewhere until the 
middle of May the following year, when they fold the 
leaves of the maple together like a cornet. When fol- 
ding a leaf together the larva employs a certain me- 
thod, which is closely adapted to the structure of the 
leaf. It Starts by eating small holes in the leaf arranged 
in a narrow area extending radially from the base of 
the leaf either between the 3r<i and 4tii or between the 
4*11 and 5th nervule. The holes are of two sizes (Fig. 1) 
very small ones which hardly penetrate the leaf and 
larger ones which penetrate the same; the latter seem 
to be the result of the feeding, but the smaller ones 
seem to be made purposely to weaken the resistance 
of the leaf against the folding oi)eration. 
By this area the leaf becomes divided into two 
portions one of which is about twice as large as the 
other. ün the weakened portion the larva constructs 
a fold by spinning threads across it on the upper side, 
M'hereon the back of the fold is fastened to the larger 
portion of the leaf. At the same tinie it bites through 
the ncrvules at the base and the spiral fokling up of the 
leaf is successively achieved. 
When the cornet is ready, its cover consists of the 
Upper side of the larger portion of the leaf and the fol- 
ding up of the leaf results in the curving downwards 
of the cornet so as to form an almost right angle with 
the stalk of the leaf. 
In the centre of this cornet the larva lives in a loo- 
sely spun silken tube and devores great parts of the 
leaf (Fig. 2); to all appearance it never moves from 
one leaf to another, since no empty cornets could be 
found until it jmpated. 
The pupal chamber is, as already W i 1 k i n s o n 
observed, built by folding a tip of a leaf downwards 
or upwards and fastening its edges to it; the bottom 
along the nervule is clothed by transversal threads as 
far as to the top of the folded portion, the edges of which 
are not fastened to the leaf in the terminal Ys, thus 
leaving an opening through which the pupa is able to 
force its way out. 
Description of the larva. — For the 
description of the larva we refer to Figs. 3 — 8. The head 
(Fig. 2) is characterised through the presence of a pair 
of blackish spots at the sides, at the place where a 
small incision indicates the border between the ventral 
and dorsal side. Labrum (Fig. 4) in the bottom of the 
anterior incision with a pair of rounded, serrated lobes, 
6 pairs of hairs on the upper side and 3 pairs of curved 
bristles at the lower side. Antenna (Fig. 6) 4- jointed. 
Mandibles (Fig. 5) with 5 teeth. Maxillae (Fig. 7) with 
3- jointed palpi, the basal joint of which is very short, 
ringshaped. Labium (Fig. 8) strongly developed, coni- 
cal and as broad at the base as it is long, with a blackish 
arch running across from the bind angles; palpi 2- 
jointed. 
Description of the pupa. — ■ Length 
7 mm ; colour light brown. On the dorsum of the ab- 
dominal Segments transverse rows of small spines, two 
on each segment except on the 1*^, where they are 
missing and on the 2»^ where there is only one posterior 
row ; in the anterior row the spines are not so densely pla- 
ced and each row is divided into portions, one median 
consisting of 12 — 14 spines, separated by a space equal- 
ling about the distance between 3 spines from a lateral 
portion of about 4 spines the exterior one of which is 
placed on a level with the spiracles. In the posterior 
row the spines are densely set, the distance between 
them being only y2 of that of the anterior row and the 
spines themselves are smaller, each row consisting 
of about 32 spines, but their number decreases successi- 
vely towards the posterior end so that on the 8th seg- 
ment there are only 20 spines. The anal segment 
is delineated in Fig. 9. 
