— 27 — 
2. Clorck, (!. Iconos iris('cf onmi varioriini. — 
Stockholm 1759— I7()4. 
3. W i 1 k i 11 H () n , S. .1. The lirilisli 'l'ortricoM. — 
London ISf)!). 
4. V. II 0 i n (• in ii n n , 11, Die Sc}iin(;tterlingc 
.l)c'Ut.s(^lila-n<lK und der Schweiz. 2. Ahtcilnn^f. 
Die Klcin,s(!hnu't,l('ilinff(\ — J^raun8ohw(;ig 18():{. 
5. Ii o i s d u V a 1 , J. A. EnHui sur rEnioniolof^nc 
Horticolc. — Paris 1S()7. 
6. Nördliiiger, H. .Dio kleinen Fcindo der 
Landwirtscliaft. — Stuttgail 
7. B o u c h c , P. F. Naturgeschichte der schädli- 
chen und nützlichen Garteninsekten und die 
bewährtesten Mittel zur Vertilgung der erstereu. 
— Berlin 1833. 
8. K a 1 1 e n b a c h , J. H. Die Pflanzenfeinde 
aus der Klasse der Insekten. — Stuttgart 1874. 
9. Hart ni a n n , A. Die Kleinschmetterlinge des 
europäischen Faunengebietes. ■ — Mitteilungen d. 
Münchner Ent. Ver. 1879, 1880. 
10. T a s c h e n b e r g , 0. Praktische Insekten- 
kunde. Teil 3. Die Schmetterlinge. — Bremen 
1880. 
11. H o 1 m g r e n , A. E. Trädgärdens skadedjur. I. 
Insekter. ■ — ■ Stockholm 1883. 
12. W a 1 1 e n g r e n , H. J. Skandinaviens vecklarf- 
järilar. — 1889. 
13. Sorhagen, L. Die Kleinschmetterlinge der 
Mark Brandenburg und einiger angrenzender 
Landschaften. - — ■ Berlin 1886. 
14. V. B i n n e n t h a 1 , F. R. Die Rosenschäd- 
linge aus dem Tierreiche. — Stuttgart 1903. 
15. S o r a u e r , P. Handbuch der Pflanzenkrank- 
heiten. Bd. 3., H. 21. — Berlin 1909. 
16. K e n n e 1 , J. Die palaearktischen Tortriciden, 
Lfg. 2. — Zoologica Bd. 21, H. 54. — Stuttgart 
1910. 
17. Dampf, A. Zur Kenntnis gehäuse tragender 
Lejmlopterenlarven. — Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. 12, 
H. 3. — Jena 1910. 
18. T r ä g ä r d h , J. Om biologin och utvecklings- 
historien hos Cedestis gysselinella Dup.. en bar- 
minerare. — Medd. Nr. 53 fiän Centralanst. f. 
försöksväs. pä jordbruksonnädet. Entomol. Aid. 
Nr. 9. — Upsala 1911. 
Summary. 
Review of the literature. — The ear- 
liest records of life history of T. forskaleayia L. are found 
in Bouches paper (7. s. 112 — 113) but they are 
apparently wrong, because Wilkinsons(3.p. 154 
— 155) account of the habits of the larva and descrip- 
tion of the larva and pupa, which I can verify, is quite 
different. W. found the larva in the folded leaves of 
the Maple in June. H e i n e m a n n (4. p. 28) also 
gives maple as its food - plant. Boisduval (5. 
p. 540), on the other hand, states that he found the larva 
on roses, together with that of T. Bergmanniana and 
that it often happened to him that he bred one species 
instead of the other; he further states that he found 
a second generation in September (contrary to W i 1- 
kinson who only records one generation). He 
describes the larva only by comparing it with that 
ol' 7'. /{cnjmanniona and slalcs lliat it is Kmaller and 
in()i(! ff-ci'U than lh<! latler, which, according to him, 
has a hlack head, blaek llioracic legs anri a darkbrowri 
prothoracic sliield, dividcjd into two by a longitudiaal, 
median lint;. Thiw statement seem« to imply that the 
laiva of T. jorftkalcana according to BoiKduval 
also has black head and thoracic leg« and dark brown 
])rothoraeic shield; tliis is, howtivcr, not in accor- 
(lanc(! witli the tiufli, as in the latter larva, as alicady 
W i 1 k i n s o n staied, (hese parts are of the same 
colour as the rest of the body. We must therefore 
assume either that B. has made a mistakc and that 
the larva he found on roses is not that of T . jortikalmna 
or that his silence with regards to other characteristics 
than size and colour must not be interpreted in that 
way that in other respects the larva agrees with that 
of T. Bergmanniana, or that the larva is dimorphic, 
dependent on the two different foodyilants. 
For my one part I am inclined to belle ve that Bois- 
duval s larva is not that of T. forskaleana, as it seems 
almost incredible that he should not have mentioned 
the striking difference which exists between the two 
larvae as regards the colour of the head - capsule, 
the thoracic legs and the prothoracic shield. However 
this may be, it is certain that all the following German 
authors, utterly disregarding Wilkinsons des- 
cription, state that the larva of T. forskaleana has a 
brown head and prothoracic shield, a statement which 
was re-introduced in the literature by N ö r d 1 i n g e r 
(6. p. 431) in his book, which appeared in 1869, two 
years after Boisduvals work, and probably 
arose partly through misinteipreting of B.s statement 
quoted above. Kaltenbach (8. p. 89) quotes 
Heine m an ns statement but adds without gi- 
ving any references that the larva feeds on the leaves 
of Bosa. H a r t m a n n (9. p. 172) queries the latter 
statement, Tasche nberg (10. p. 178) givesessen- 
tially the same description of the larva as Nor d- 
1 i n g e r but adds that the thoracic legs are black 
and the prothoracic shield divided into two by a lon- 
gitudinal line ; it seems to me very signif icant that these 
two characteristics are the same which Boisduval 
records for T. Bergmanniana which author he quotes 
in several other instances. H o 1 m g r e n's (11. p. 231 
— 232) description is to all appearance a mere trans- 
lation from Taschenberg. 
W a 1 1 e n g r e n (12. p. 27) on the other hand 
gives a correct description of the larva, but give's both 
maple and rose as foodplants. Sorhagen (13. p. 69) 
quotes B o u c h e as regards its occurence on Bosa 
centifolia. v. Binnen thal (14. p. 261 — 262) 
quotes verbatim Tasche nberg, with the ad- 
dition that the eggs hybernate; the same is the case 
with Sorauer (15. p. 299) who adds that the 
larva lives also in the fruits of the maple. 
It is only in the last work, K e n n e 1 s „Die palae- 
arktischen Toitriciden" (16. p. 170) that we find a 
correct description of the larva, together with the 
statement that the young larva lives in the blossoms 
of the maple. 
Fiom this sinopsis of the literature it is apparent 
that of all the authors who mention this si^ecies after 
W i 1 k i n s o n only two, W a 1 1 e n g r e n and 
« 
