CiiAP. XXX.] 
SATARA : LINGMALA. 
665 
vail. Their mode of origin, however, holds out no hope of manganese- 
ores ever being found in sufficient quantity at any one locality to pay 
for extraction ; and certainly no such spot has yet been found. 
It is interesting to note that the Dhavads of Mahabaleshwar, who 
by caste are iron-smelters, although they no longer 
Waial or iniilwi. pjy their profession, recognize the difference be- 
tween manganese- and iron-ore, and have two separate words to describe 
the former — namely waral and mulwi. According to the two Dhavads 
who accompanied me, they used to smelt a certain pro})ortion of manga- 
nese-oie with the iron-ore. If this be the case the resulting iron must 
have been similar to that of Ghogi-a in the Jabalpur district and of quite 
a different character to the ordinary native soft iron. I would suggest 
this as an interesting point, worth investigation by a future visitor to 
Mahabaleshwar with more time at his disposal than I had. 
A few notes on the localities visited will now be given. 
1. Llngmala. 
After leaving the Panchgani-Mahabaleshwar road at mile-stone 72 
and going about | mile south along the road to the Lingmala forest 
bungalow, a small stream-bed is found crossing the road. A few yards 
upstream a pit had been dug ; this showed a section 13 feet deep of red 
clay containing fragments of laterite and very decomposed earthy lavas 
and also a few small botryoidal nodules of psilomelane, which were 
found to within 4 feet of the base of the section. In a little ravine in 
the trap near the Yenna Falls were seen several loose pieces of 
shiny botryoidal psilomelane ; a sample collected partly from these 
and partly from the concretions in the pit gave the following partial 
analysis : — 
Sample No. A.48' 
Manganese peroxide . . . . . . 56 "57 
Manganese protoxide . . . . . . 2-36 
Ferric oxide . . . . . . . . 13-21 
Baryta 4-86 
Silica (combined) . . . . . . . 3-30 
Silica (free) 0-15 
Phosphoric oxide ....... 0*082 
Water (combined) . . . . . . . ''■25 
Moisture at 100>= C 2 50 
