Chap. XXX.] 
DIIAHWAH DISTRICT. 
041 
further writes that ' vast quantities of iron-ore and manganese' are here 
and there scattered over the undulations in the east portion of the 
Kaladgi vaUey ' and finally amongst his hst of minerals mentions 
' perlomelane ' (psilomelane) and pyrolusite as being found in great 
abundance in the elevated tract between Bagalkot and Kaladgi. ~ 
The foregoing quotations indicate the occurrence of manganese-ores in 
great abundance in this district ; but Mr. R. B. Foote who mapped this 
region some years later, refers to Aytoun's paper and observes that the 
pyrolusite and ppilomelane said to be so common ' were only observed by 
me in very small quantities as films or tliiu coatings or minute veins in 
laterite and hematite fragments.'*^ Mr. C. Aubert informs me that 
he has recently (1905) found a few scattered nodules uf manganese-oro 
about 3 miles east of Bc4galkot. 
Dharwar District. 
It is only quite recently that ores of manganese have been 
definitely asertained to occur in this district outside the boundaries of 
the Sangli State. According to the ' Return of Mineral Production in 
India for 189],' page 5, such ores occur in the trap-rock (presumably 
Deccan Trap), but no information with respect to this supposed 
occurrence is available. In 1904, however, the late Mr. A. M. Gow 
Smith found manganese- ores at Tawargatti, Nagargali, and Kumbharde. 
Although the Sangli State is included in the Dharwar Agency, yet 
for convenience of reference its manganese-ore deposits v.'ill be treated 
in a separate section (page 642). 
The manganese-ores, as at present knowi. of both the Dharwar 
district and the Sangli State, are of little or no economic value. They 
occur either directly on the outcrops of limonite-banded jaspery quartz- 
ites of Dharwar age, as nests, strings and incrustations, or as nodules 
in laterite overlying Dharwar rocks. The occurrences of the Dharwar 
district lie on the Dharwar-Shimoga Band of Dharwars, while those 
of the Sangli State lie on the Danibal-Chiknayakanhalli Band of Foote, 
re-named the Gadag Band by Mr. Maclaren.4 
1 Trail-:. Bomb. G"o;;. So-., XT, p. 54 and p. 395, respectively. 
2 Ibid., ]>. 57andp. ;VJ7, respectively. 
:5 • The tk'i)logic;il Featurc.'i of the .South Mahratta Country, etc' 3Ie>i'. O S.I , XII, 
p. 31. (lH7t>). 
4 Rcc. Geol. Siirv. Ind., XXXIV, p. 97, (1906). 
