(540 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [PaRT IV : 
Bijapur District. 
Although no deposits of manganese-ore of economic value have up to 
the present been found in this district, yet, if one can judge from the writ- 
ings of the various authors quoted below, manganese- ores must be 
somewhat widely distributed throughout the district, both in laterite and 
in the quartzites and limestones of the Kaladgi series. In all cases the 
manganese-ore is probably of superficial origin. 
Ingleswara. 
Newbold 1 says that manganese veins ' were seen subsequently in the 
laterite of Ingleswara,' and later^ that ' among the lateritic debris ' ' at the 
base of the laterite clifi's S. W. of Ingleswara,' intermingled with blocks 
of limestone passing into chert, ' are interspersed numerous nodules of a 
black cineritious looking mineral, containing cavities filled with an 
impure, earthy, brown manganese.' 3 Ingleswara is between Hippargi 
and Bagewadi and S. E. of Bijapur. 
Bagalkot and Kaladgi. 
A few years later Lieutenant A. Aytoun, in a paper on the geology 
of this area,* says that iron-ores are abundant in most parts of the 
district and that ores of manganese occur associated with the iron-ore. 
' The limestone at Bagulkot has veins of manganese, but this metal is more 
frequently met with amongst the sandstone in veins of quartz.' On 
another page'^ he gives a section showing the undulations passed over in 
crossing from Bagalkot to Kaladgi and says that ' nearly the whole of this 
tract abounds in iron and manganese-ores, never seen in veins m situ, but 
covering large spaces from broken up veins.' Regarding a valley on the 
further side of a low range of hills to the south of Bagalkot, Aytoun6 says 
that it is ' covered with soil through which debris of iron-schists, iron- 
and manganese- ores, and quartz are profusely scattered,' while near the 
Kaladgi bazar he found a ' great deal of red ferruginous gravel, with 
occasionally a consolidated block of laterite coated with manganese, which 
appears as a bluish-black efflorescence on the surface of the block. '7 He 
1 Mad. Jour. Lit. ScL, XI. p. :45, (IS^O). 
2 Jotir. An. Sue. Bcvcj.. XIII. p. KKl-'. (1844), and ' Western India." p. 82, 
3 Also mentioned in Jour. Roy. As. Soc, VIII, p. 234, (184(i). 
4 Tran.-i. Bomb. Ge g. Soc, XI, p. 33, (1854) ; • Western India." p. 380. ( 18.'-,7). 
!> [hid., p. 4() and p. 390, ies])ectively. 
« Ibid., p. 4!t and p. 392, ., " 
7 Ibid., p. 54 and p. 395, 
