Chap. XXX.] 
BELGAtiM : TALKVADI. 
;3. Talevedl. 
In 1901, mangano.se-oros were discovered by Mr. T. B. Kantliaria 
at Talevildi village on the Kelil ghat, some .'H to 4 miles 8. E. of Bhim- 
gad and the same distance from the frontier of the Portuguese territory 
of Goa. The concession was taken by Mr. Kantharia to MessifMirs 
Jambon and Cie. of Calcutta. A large number of pits were sunk by Mr. 
D. T. Frizoni, on behalf of this firm, which subsequently (1906) sold 
the property to Mr. C. P. Boyce of Belgaum. 
According to Mr. Maclaren, who visited this locality early in 1905. 
„ , , when the deposits had been well opened up, the 
Alrde of occun-cme • ■, /, ^ v ikoa 
and origin. manganese-ores occur in a deposit oi laterite 15-20 
feet deep. This laterite passes downwards into 
quartz- so hist overlying a slightly manganiferous limestone. Both these 
latter rocks form part of the Castle Rock Band of Dharwars and are 
nearly horizontally disposed, but have been subjected to a horizontal 
pressure that has developed in the quartz-schist a foliation having a 
north-easterly dip. Three specimens of the rocks brought from here 
by Mr. Maclaren are : — 
(1) friable fine-grained sericitic quartz-schist. 
(2) fine-grained biotite quartz-schist ; 
(3) fine-grained grey limestone with bands of darker colour. It 
is not dolomitic, gives a decided reaction for manganese, and contains 
abundance of quartz and nests of minute mica scales. 
The manganese-ore occurs only in the laterite as hard, more or less 
spherical, concretions, which are sometimes as much as 3 feet in dia- 
meter at the surface. They decrease in size and hardness with depth, 
imtil, where passing into the decomposed schist, they are very few in 
number and only 2 to 3 inches long. Fig. 22, on page 384, taken from 
a paper by Mr. Maclaren in the Geological Magazine,^ illustrates the 
mode of occurrence of the manganese-ore. The ores are chiefly psil- 
omelane with some pyrolusite and wad, and are associated with limonite 
and ochres. They are often cavernous and of concretionary shapes. 
The two preceding paragraphs were compiled from the notes and 
specimens of Mr. Maclaren before I had visited the locality myself. 
This I was able to do in December 1907. The pits had then in most 
cases become weather-stained and somewhat obscured as compared 
with their fresh condition ac the time of Mr. Maclaren's visit. Work 
1 Vol. Ill, Dec. V, p. 538, (190G). 
