628 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [PaRT IV : 
quartzite, the former being perhaps an altered form of the latter. Fur- 
ther east purplish sandstone-quartzites come to the surface and are being 
converted iiito a waddy laterite, films and layers of which extend down- 
wards along the joint planes and also along the bedding planes. 
6. Kalenda. 
A few pits near the road, where it passes between Kalenda and its 
tola or hamlet, Tunglui, had been filled up ; but I was told that they all 
showed ore resting on the usual purplish felspathic sandstone. Some 
pieces of somewhat tabular psilomelane that I picked up were said to 
have come from a bed about a foot thick. Where the ore crop])ed out it 
was the usual mixture of limonite and psilomelane. 
7. Tutugutu. 
This deposit is situated about 1^ miles due south of Tutugutu village 
on the low ground immediately to the north of a low ridge of the purplish 
sandstone-grit, with vein quartz, both of them lateritized in places. It 
has been actively vrorked by the Madhu Lall Doogar Mining Syndicate 
during 1907, with the despatch to Chakardharpur, about 22 miles distant, 
of over a thousand tons of manganese-ore. 
The sections visible in the cuttings open iii January 1908 showed, in 
some places, the lateritoid mixtures of manganese- and iron ores with 
residual patches of phyllites, jasper, sandstone-grit, and vein-quartz, 
according to the rock that had been replaced. In one place a network 
of psilomelane has penetrated vein -quartz in all directions, so as to con- 
vert it into a sort of breccia, consisting of angular patches of quartz in 
a net- work of psilomelane. Tn other places sections are seen showing up 
to 5 feet of slates and phyllites, usually gently rolling, with intercalated 
beds of manganese-ore varying from J up to 6 inches thick, 1 to 2 inches 
being the most usual thickness. These ore-layers are often seen to thin 
out lenticularly, and also often contain residual remains of the slaty 
rocks ; so that there is little doubt that chey are the result of replacemer.t 
of the slates, aiul are not original sedimentary ore-beds deposited at the 
same time as the sediments from which the slates were derived. 
The total amount of ore available from both the lateritoid and the 
interbedded ore-layers cannot be large, whilst its quality must be low. 
Nevertheless, this seems to be the largest deposit yet found in the Chai- 
basa area, with the possible exception of Bistampur. 
