902 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [PaRT IV : 
the water was flowing at the time of my visit (in the cold weather, when 
the water is low) it could be seen to follow all the scallopings of the rock. 
Huge potholes are abundant. In oiie of them was a central upstanding 
knob, and the stone that had carved out the circular hollow round it 
was still in its place. All these rocks are very beautifully banded, this 
being due in some places to the varied colours of the limestones— pink, 
white, yellowish, brown, and black— and in others to the accessory 
mmerals arranged in lines, in one place crimson piedmontite, in another 
vellow-green epidote, in a third orange spessartite, and in a fourth black 
manganese-ore. In some places there are, intercalated in the limestones, 
bands of calciphyre and quartz-pyroxene-gneicis. These rocks are often 
much banded, and the layers that contain much calcite are weathered 
into grooves some 3 inches deep with upstanding ribs of rock consisting 
largely of quartz, felspar, pyroxene, and epidote. As these rocks are 
often much waved along the strike, these water-corroded outcrops 
simulate nothing so much as gigantic clam-shells. 
The dip of the rocks is almost constantly steep (vertical in places) 
to about N. 10° — 20° W. Although the economic value of this locality 
as a source of manganese-ore is practically nil, it will be necessary to 
devote a considerable amount of space to its consideration, for such 
a beautifully clear exposure is not often found in this part of India. 
The following section was measured roughly by pacing southwards 
across the strike from the barrier. It includes all the bands of man- 
ganiferous limestone :— 
16 yards. Pink limestone within thin bands of green accessory minerals, such as 
epidote and diopside. 
17 ynrds. Giey limestone containing abundant nodules and irregular masses of 
manganese-ore : nd abundant tiny grains of piedmontite, often 
arranged in line^. Also small nodules of piedmontite. 
8 yards. Similar to proceeding, but the limestone white in colour. Contains a 
band very rich in piedmontite. 
7 yards. Black limestone, with numerous streaks of quartz striking across the 
limestone, mostly to the S.35°E. 
8 yards. Black limestone interbanded with white, with lenticles and streaks of 
manganese-ore and piedmontite bands. 
8 yards. Pink limestone. 
18 yards. White limestone. 
The remainder of the section (some .3r)0 yards) consists of various 
non-manganiferous limestones with intercalations of quartz-pyroxene- 
gneisses. It will be seen from the above that the manganiferous lime- 
stones measure some 40 yards horizontally across the strike. /. ssuming 
an average dip of 60°, this corresponds to an actual thickness of about 
35 yards or about 100 feet. 
As at Pali and Mohugaon, one finds here the black crystalline Ume- 
etone, the piedmontite-bearing limestones, and lines of manganese-ore 
nodules, occurring both in the piedmontite-bearing and the piedmontite 
