riiAiv xxxvT.] 
NAcrrn : mandvi iur. 
965 
ore internally (sec Plate 14), and as micro-sections of this manganese- 
ore often show what is a])|)aiTntIy residual piedniontite, it seems as 
if this maiigauese-ore, and by inference many of the other manganese- 
ore nodules, may have arisen from the alteration of original piedmontite, 
the change beginning in the middle of the nodules and extending out- 
Avards. |Some of the ores have, I expect, been formed by the direct 
consolidation of original concretions of manganese oxide (see page 302). 
These piedmontite nodules are usually associated, with a white felspar 
(albite-oligoclase) and quartz, and are often abruptly terminated at 
one end, or broken into two parts separated by calcite, so that it seems 
as if they must have been fractured during the last set of eartli-rnove- 
ments to which these rocks were subjected. 
See page 396 for psilomelane deposited at the waterfall. 
The Mandvi Bir-Junapani Band. 
The manganese-ore deposits of Mandvi Bir, Junawani, and Junapani, 
consist of a series of lenticular masses and nodules of manganese-ore 
enclosed in a band of crystalline limestones, together with the overlying 
residual accumulations of loose nodules of ore in clay, formed by the 
removal of the limestone in solution by meteoric waters and. the conse- 
quent concentration of the once sparsely distributed ore-nodules. At 
the eastern end, however, according to both Mr. Goodchild and Mr. 
Vredenburg, the manganese- ore forms a definite bed. The whole of the 
band lies within the Junawani Forest Block, but has been divided into 
three portions named after the deserted villages of Mandvi Bir (the 
western portion), Junawjini (the middle portion), and Junapani (the 
eastern portion). At the time of my visit in February 1904 I was able 
to examine only Mandvi Bir and the western portion of Junawani. By 
the courtesy of Messrs. Shaw, Wallace and Company and Cooverjee 
Bhoja, however, I am able to make use of a report on all three of these 
properties made by Mr. J. H. Goodchild towards the end of 1905. My 
colleague, Mr. Vredenbarg, has also visited these deposits — in September 
1906 — and has kindly put his notes and specimens at my disposal. 
These deposits, as already mentioned, lie within Government Reserved 
Forest, in a hilly tract of country covered with jungle, which in places 
is quite thick, but usually takes the form of thin tree jungle with long 
grass. The area is, of course, included in the J-inch Revenue Survey 
map of the Nagpur district ; but this scale is too small for detailed geolo- 
gical work, and fortunately there are some beautiful contoured Forest 
Survey maps of these jungles on the scale of 4 inches= 1 mile. The whole 
length of these deposits lies on sheet 7.3 
IV 2 A 2 
