966 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [PaRT IV : 
It must have been these deposits to which Captain F. Jenkins referred 
as early as 1829.^ He speaks of the village of Kumilri as being 
' the last to be met in approaching the jungle, which hero is very high and thick. 
* On entering the jungle, the surface rock appears to be white mica schist, en. 
tirely disintegrated ; and proceeding on three or four miles, the ridges of rocks, 
from which the specimens from Kumdri are taken, are met with.' 
The specimens he collected included red limestone which 
' constituted the principal mass of the rocks, which appeared to have an east 
and west direction, and to be vertically disposed ; for, though there was no 
distinct appearance of stratification, the rocks were divided from each other 
and lay in sharp ridges ... Towards the north of these the hme-stone passed 
(forming all gradations of colour, from a white grey to deep black) into a rock, 
composed almost entirely of manganese.' 
K(h)umari is situated a little over two miles nearer Nagpur than Chor- 
baoli, and is on the southern side of the Junawani jungles. It is very- 
curious that the first records of manganese-ore in the Indian Empire 
should be of the Pench River exposure at Ghogara and the comparatively 
inaccessible deposits in the Junawani jungles ; both being occurrences 
of nodules of manganese-ore in crystalline limestone. 
The limestones are very impure and contain an abundance of accessory 
minerals. Quartz, mica, and apatite, are nearly always present ; in addi- 
tion to these the limestones often contain piedmontite, sometimes rho- 
donite, and spessartite, and in one case manganhedenbergite (page 971). 
They are sometimes white or grey with scattered accessories and at 
other times are blackened owing to impregnation with manganese 
oxides, in the same way as in the Chhindwara district,^ and as at 
Pali and Ghogara ; in still other cases they are chalcedonized to black 
chert. The non-manganiferous limestones associated with the man- 
ganiferous ones are often pink in colour, containing epidote, pyroxene, 
and sometimes hornblende, and then look exactly like the essonite- 
bearing limestone of Bicliua in the Chhindwara district,3 except that 
there is no essonite-garnet in the limestone of this area. The band of 
manganiferous limestone has been traced for 6 miles, the strike being 
east and west with a steep dip to the south side throughout the whole 
length of the band. At the western end Mr. Vredenburg traced the 
band for a mile further west than I had seen it and even then it had not 
disappeared. To the east the band goes as far as Junapani hill (1,280 
feet), which is about J mile west of the main road from Nagpur to 
Jabalpur. Here, according to Mr. Vredenburg, the evidence seen in 
various pits points to the fact that the band doubles on itself and runs 
1 Asiatic Researches, XVIII, pp. 207, 208, (1833) ; abstract in Gleanings in 
Science, I, pp. 226. 2-27. (1829). 
2i?ec. Q. S. I., XXXIII, pp. 200, 201, (1906). 
3 Ibid., p. 199. 
