986 MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [ PaRT IV: 
since the transfer some 1.800 tons had been shipped up to the time of 
my visit. The main pit is a large irregular excavation orientated 
roughly east and west. The surface rock is the ordinary cavernous 
ferruginous low-level laterite of Goa, containing remains of quartz, and 
sometimes of quartzite, but differing from the most common form of this 
laterite in also containing abundance of pyrolusite in the form of 
veinlets and patches. It extends downwards to variable depths in 
different parts of the quarry, being irregularly penetrated from below by 
tongues of a soft white very fine-grained quartzite. This latter is, of 
course , the original rock, and was probably once a hard grey quartzite. 
It is now much decomposed and is traversed by a network of veins and 
patches of pyrolusite, which in places is in large enough masses to be 
worth mining. In some places the white quartzite part of this 
mixture of quartzite and pyrolusite is stained reddish brown due to 
impregnation with oxide of iron ; and to me it seems probable that the 
laterite has been formed by the replacement of the quartzite part of this 
mixture, the pyrolusite in the laterit^ representing, at least in part, 
the pyrolusite that had formed in the quartzite prior to the formation 
of the laterite. In some places the quartzite seems to have been 
replaced by a network of the brown compact limonite instead of 
pyrolusite. The ores of this deposit are now all pyrolusite (with a little 
wad), the pieces of which are sometimes mixed with brown horny 
limonite. But formerly, according to Mr. Ghose, concretionary nodules 
of psiomelane were sometimes found in the laterite. The ores of this 
deposit as shipped are probably fairly high in iron with a corresponding 
diminution in the quantity of manganese ; and also high in silica, 
though below the commercial limit of 10%. The Fanuswadi ores are 
sent by cart to Kolambi, some 2 miles distant, and then by boat to 
Mormugao. 
2. Dab Dabba I. 
(Goa Mining Company.) 
This deposit is situated about 1 mile S. E. of Bicholim on the east 
side of the road from Piligaon to this town. The deposit has been 
opened up by means of a large irregular pit, which is said to be one of 
the largest workings in Goanese territory. Nearly the whole of the 
