CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
DESCRIPTIONS OF DEVOSJTS— continued. 
Madras Presidency— Bellary District and Sandur 
State. 
Bellary distrid^The Dainlial-Chiknayakanhalli band — The Sandur-Copper 
Mountain band. 
Sandur State — History — Geology — Foote's account — Phyilites, slates, and litho- 
marges — Ferruginous quartzites — Basic igneous rocks - -Granites and gneisses — 
Relations of latter to the Dharwars — Lateritic rocks and hematitic breccias — The 
manganese- ore deposits — List of deposits — Place names — Deposits visited — Situa- 
tion of the deposits — Outciops lateritoid and lichen-covered — i'rominence of the 
outcrops of manganese- and iron-ores — Manganese-ore deposits apparently beds ; 
but really surface replacements — Evidence supporting the superficial replacement 
theory — The Nara^^andevarkerra Ghat sections — Ramandrug Main Bed sections — 
The Ramandrug lithomarges — Summary of origin — Depths to which deposits 
extend — Width of the deposits — Length of the deposits — -Quantities of ore — Are 
the quantities too large to have been formed by sujjerficial replacement ? — The 
manganese minerals present^Psilomelane and wad formed by replacement of 
phyllite — Pseudo-raanganite in cavities — Botryoidal and lead-like psilomelane — 
Braunite ? and hollandite ? — Chemical composition of the ores. 
Descriptions oj deposits — The Ramaudrug deposits — Sannasil Haruvu (Raman- 
drug No. 2) — Ramandrug No. 4 — Ramandrug Main Bed — Ramandrug Barracks 
deposit (Manganese Cave) — The Kannevihalli deposits — The Kumaraswami deposits 
— The Kamataru deposits — Yelakala Gadda — Badapatti Banda — Alada-marada 
Banda — Durgi'unma Kolla — Pilal-Marada Gundu — Karada Badasala Kativi — 
Hunasc-raaiada Kativi. 
Bellary District 
Foote ' , in his account of the geology of this district, describes 
four of the bands of Dharwars as lying at least partly within the Bellary 
district which they all cross in a general south-easterly direction. They 
are : — 
1 The Dharwar-Shimoga band. 
2. The Dambal-ChiknayakanhaUi band, designated the Chitaldrug 
band by the Mysore Geological Department. 
3. The Sandur-Copper Mountain band. 
4. The Penner-Haggari band. 
Manganese-ores have been found in each of the first three bands. 
1 Mem. G.S.I., XXV, (1895). 
