S96 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [ PaRT TV: 
basin in a N. E. direction, and leaves it again through the N. E wall 
by a gorge known as the Bhimagandi. In the interior of the basin 
lies the little town of Sandur at an elevation of about 1,900 feet above 
sea-level. This is not much greater than the average level of the 
Bellary plains close to the outside of the syncline. The hills rise to 
3,000 feet and over, in many places forming long ridges, the tops of 
which as seen from a distance often look remarkably level ; this being 
due probably to cappings of a lateritic rock. Two of the highest points 
are the military sanitarium of Ramandrug, or Ramanamallai, 3,2.56 
feet at the trigonometrical station, and Kumaraswiimi's peak (probably 
that known as Hiregutti), which is 3,400 feet high (according to General 
CuUen). The State of Sandur consists of the interior of this basin and 
its bounding walls, the frontier lying in most cases at the base of the 
hills on the outer side^ but rising up the slopes at the southern end- 
The N. W. end or point of the syncline lies, however, for a distance 
of 8 miles, in the Hospet taluk of the Bellaiy district ; whilst the 
Kudligi taluk of the same district and the Chitaldrug district of Mysore 
State encroach on the S. E. end or point of the syncline. 
As the result of an examination of the rocks of such portions of the 
syncline as I had occasion to visit in connection with the examination of 
manganese-ore deposits, I find that some modifications of the nomen- 
cribed as • phyllites ', using this term to describe rocks intermediate in 
crystalUne character between slates and schists. The varieties of 
phyllite I noticed are chlorite-phyllite, sericite-phyllite, biotite-phyllite 
and chlorite-calc-phyllite 1. These phyllites almost invariably contain 
magnetite, often to be distinguished with a lens as tiny octahedral 
crystals, and easily detected in the powdered rock with a magnet. 
The ' argillites ' of Foote seem to be phyllites that have been chemically 
altered at the surface with the leaching out of various constituents and 
the leaving of a light-coloured rock — white, buff, pink — that can now 
often be best described as 'lithomarge' ; some of it in fact is probably 
nearly pure kaolin. There is to be seen every variety of rock from the 
fresh phyllitej through decomposed rock — probably Foofce's argillite — 
Phyllites, slates, and 
litliomargcs. 
clature of the rocks as used by Foote are 
advisable in conformity with modern usage. 
Thus Foote's ' schists' I find are better des- 
i I have not proved that the rhombohedral carbonate is calcite. 
