1000 MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [PART IV 
limonitic form with all the structures characteristic of laterite. In 
fact I can see no reason why the rock should not be called ' laterite ', 
•without the prefix ' pseudo '. It is as true laterite as any other. The 
only difference is that here it can be seen in process of formation, the 
process being the chemical alteration of the hematitic breccia, and o 
the same rock in situ, and in some places of manganese-ore, the lateriti- 
zation in the latter case being doubtless mainly one of replacement of 
manganese-ore by iron oxide. Some good examples of this lateritiza- 
tion of manganese-ores are to be seen amongst the outcrops of manga- 
nese-ores on the Kamiitaru plateau, where irregular tubes, patches, and 
processes, of limonitic laterite are seen protruding down into the man- 
ganese-ore ; sometimes when there has been an open space along the 
bedding planes of the manganese -ore the laterite has grown down the 
crack, doubtless enlarging the width of the space by replacing the 
manganese-ore. Specimens can be collected showing residual pieces 
and patches of manganese-ore in the laterite. It is true that this 
laterite is often in patches only a foot or two across ; but that is because 
it starts to form thus, these patches growing till they join, and not 
because it is not laterite. At Raman drug, on the other hand, although 
there are frequent projections of the underlying rock — not only hematite 
as noticed by Foote, but manganese-ore at least as often as iron-ore, 
the two looking very much alike until broken open— -yet the laterite is 
often of considerable thickness ; in fact, I saw it up to about 30 feet thick 
covering the manganese-ore deposit of Ramandrug No. 4. This lateri- 
tic capping to the Rnmandrug plateau gives rise, like other lateritic 
oappings in other parts of India, to vertical and rugged scarps, although 
only of small thickness. This laterite is usually like the laterite of 
other parts of Itiaia in its freedom from manganese — except included 
pieces or residual patches of manganese-ore derived from the underlying 
manganese-ore deposits ; but in a few cases it contains manganese 
that seems to have been deposited with the iron as a part of the 
process of lateritization, as, for example, on Prospect Point at Ramandrug, 
where there is some pisolitic laterite with black manganiferous outer 
layers to some of the pisolites. This laterite contains remains of 
altered phyllites. Sometimes these lateritic deposits are free from 
all included or residual fragments ; but, as noticed by Foote, they some- 
times take the form of breccias cemented together by oxide of iron. 
