Chap. XXXVIIT. ] 
SANDUR STATE. 
1005 
in the Kannevihalli and KumaraswJimi areas, on the inner slopes 
of the hills, facing the interior of the synclinal basin. Those deposits 
that crop out on or near the top of the ridges or plateaus are 
often 1,200 to 1,300 feet above the plains at the foot; whilst 
those on the slopes occur at lesser heights, but probably rarely less 
than 800 feet above the plains Wherever a deposit crops out 
it tends to have a very rugged, rough, and irregular surface, so 
that at first sight it might often be mistaken for laterite. 
This character is not universal, however, for the outcrops often show 
signs of dip and strike ; and, when they do, the 
!ioho\?-''povt mr ' ""^ indications are that the manganese-ore deposits 
agree in strike and dip with the other rocks of 
the syncline. But whether lateritoid in aspect or not, the outcrop is 
usually whitish as seen from a distance, owing to a coating of lichens. 
This lichen-coated outcrop is not confined to manganese-ores The iron- 
ores have a similar outcrop, so that until one has had long experience 
of these outcrops, it is usually necessary to blaze every one of them 
to ascertain if the deposit be of iron or manganese. For sometimes 
where not lichen-covered, the manganese outcrop takes on a brownish 
or reddish colour, due to ferruginous coatings, and sometimes the 
iron outcrops are black in colour due to the ore being a compact 
metallic blue-black hematite. Mr. Ghose gives it as the result of 
his experience in these hills that an outcrop with white lichens 
invariably indicates either manganese- or iron-ore. I did not notice 
anything to contradict this whilst in Sandur. But in Mysore, where 
also iron- and manganese-outcrops are usually lichen-covered, I found 
examples of quartzite with a similar covering. 
Owing to the fact that the manganese- and iron-ores are both very 
r, ■ . , resistent to weathering, whilst the associated 
Frcmincnce ot the out- ° 
crops of manganese- and rocks, — namely phyllites and slates, with only 
uou-Oip. subordinate quartzites— are very soft and 
weather easily into clays, the manganese- and iron-ores seem to pre- 
dominate and the other rocks to be insignificant in amount, their out- 
crops being covered either with soil or with the debris of the harder 
manganese- and iron-ores. One is very liable therefore to form an 
exaggerated idea of the enormous quantities of ores of manganese 
and iron to be obtained in this State. As an example I may mention 
