Chap. XXXVIII.] 
SANDUR: RAMANDRUG. 
1021 
This corresponds to 27" 12 % manganese. Foote suggests that the 
ore is braunite or hausmannite. The available oxygen is stated to be 
7'33 % ; accepting this, the27"12 % manganese should have been return- 
ed as 30-86 % MnOo and 2-48 % MnO, instead of as 42-90 % Mn02, the 
analysis then totalling up to !)8'73 only. A simple calculation shows 
that 27-12 % Mn require only 10-52 % oxygen for hausmannite and 
11-27 % for braunite, whilst 15-22 (42-34— 27'12) is available. The 
analysis indicates, in fact, that the mineral is psilomelane, as indeed is 
shown by the physical characters of the specimen preserved in the 
Museum of the Geological Survey of India. 
1. Sannasil Hapuvu (Ramandpug No. 2), 
This is the most northerly of the Ramandrug deposits. It is situ- 
ated 2/2 miles N. N. W. 01 the Ramanamallai G. T. S., 3,256 feet, on 
the top of a spur of the ridge, and must be about the same height above 
the plains as the other Ramandrug deposits, namely, about 1,200 feet. 
The length of the deposit, from the last outcrop seen at the N. N. W-- 
end of the deposit, to the point where it begins to disappear down the 
slope at the S. S. E. end and is either covered up by debris or dies out, 
I paced as about 136 paces. The width measured by Mr. Ahlers across 
the strike at the point where the deposit is being worked is 245 feet. 
From the outcrop alone it is difficult to say what proportion of the 
total thickness consists of manganese-ore and what of iron-ore. The 
cuttings or workings on the north-east side of the spur on which the 
deposit lies show that there is a thickness of about 40 paces of iron-ore 
separating the manganese-ore into two bands. Hence it can be taken 
that one half the full thickness is manganese-ore and the remainder 
iron-ore. On the western edge of this cross section of the deposit the 
rocks are seen to be vertical, whilst on the eastern edge they dip at angles 
varying from 55° to 65° to the N. N. E., i.e., towards the interior of 
the incline. I think 65" may be taken as the average dip across the 
whole section. Hence of the 120 feet that may be manganese-ore, the 
true thickness works out as 120 x sin 60°^ — IO8-7, or, at a maximum, 
110 feet. 
The ores in this deposit consist of the psilomelane-wad mixtures. 
These are often cavernous, then frequently containing abundance of 
good crystallizations of pseudo-manganite, or of the pyrolusitic pseudo- 
morphs. There is often a little of a yellowish and whitish mineral in 
