Chap. XXXIX. ] 
GANJAM DISTRICT. 
1033 
on many of the rocks adjoining the road from Rambha to Boirani, a 
distance of about 30 miles; and since manganese-bearing rocks were 
found in situ at these localities, it seems possible that careful prospect- 
ing over the whcle of this estate might lead to the discovery of 
payable manganese-ore, especially as manganese-garnet and rhodonite, 
so often associated with the manganese-ore deposits of the Central 
Provinces and Vizagapalam, are amongst the minerals found here. 
But up to the present no commercially valuable manganese ore deposit 
has been found. All the occurrences are in the Kallikota and Atagada 
Estates. 
The rocks of this neighbourhood consist of vaiious — usually very 
garnetiferous — gneisses and gneissose granites, the latter often showing 
banding or streaking due to the drawing out, while still plastic, of 
white felspar- quartz schlieren into cylindrical bodies, which usually 
show a dip of 20°-45° to the W. 10°-30" S. There are also hypers- 
thene-granulite intrusions. Th? garnetiferous gneisses — containing 
graphite in one case and probably belonging to the khondalite 
series— often give ri>e to well-wooded, rjuuded hills, while the gneissose 
granites usually form very jugged, rocky and bold, tors and hills, 
much less thickly jungle-clad. 
Ill the valley between thes^ hill ranges in which Kahkot and Boirani 
are situated, besides the above rocks, low mounds and hills of quartzites — 
often garnetiferous— are found, and it is on this low ground also that 
the manganese localities at present known are situated ; it must be 
remarked that the rocks of the valleys are often obscured by alluvial 
deposits devoted mainly to the cultivation of rice. The strike of 
these rocks seems to range between E. and N. E. with the dips in 
either direction. 
The manganese localities visited will be noticed as follows 
Atagada Taluk : — 
1. Boirani. 
2. Gudhiari. 
Kdlikot Taluk : — 
3. Nautan-Barampur. 
4. Mathura. 
5. Kalikot. 
6. Rambha. 
