Chap. XL. ] vizagapatam : kodur. 1059 
I am indebted to Mr. Caplen, manager of the Vizianagram Mining 
Co., Ld., for the following figures representing ores actually mined at 
Carividi : — 
Range of analysis. 
Avoiage 
analysis, 
1906. 
Manganese 
40 to 47 
4302 
Iron ....... 
5 to 13 
10-02 
Silica ....... 
3 to 6 
5-03 
Phosphorus ...... 
0-07 to 0-30 
0-259 
2. Kodur. 
{Plates 47 to 50.) 
The group of pits known as the Kodur Mines is situated a little 
over I a mile due east of Garividi Railway Station ; work was 
begun on this deposit in 1892. The first account of it was given by 
Mr. H. G. Turner in the discussion on Mr. J. Head's paper on the 
' Manganese-ore deposits of Northern Spain' '. 
The character of this deposit when first discovered can be judged 
from the following extract from Mr. Tiuner's account :— 
' Tiie first mound discovered was within a few hundred yards of the railway. 
Unaware of its nature and value, the lailway contractors were breaking up the 
boulders of manganese rock for ballast. This mound consisted of about 60 acres 
of black manganese rock and boulders intermixed with an alluvium of decomposed 
gneis»'. 
Since 1892 work has progressed continuously on this deposit, the 
yearly production of manganese- ore increasing to a maximum in 1899. 
Of the total production of manganese-ore from all the Kodur mines from 
1892 to 1907 given in the table on page 1054, probably | has come 
from the Kodur mine. 
The main pit of the Kodur mine is about 180 to 190 yards long in 
a S. of E. direction, and is of irregular shape. Fig. 82 gives a rough 
sketch-plan of it as it was at tlie time of my visit in January 1905, 
IV 
1 Jour. Iron SUtl Inal., No. II, for 1898, p. 156. 
2g 
