1072 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [ Part TV : 
Analyses of merchantable Kodur ores. 
Range of 
Average 
Manganese- 
Manganese- 
analysis of 
analysis of 
ore, isyo. 
ore, l»yo. 
manganese - 
manganese- 
ores, 1906. 
ores, 1906. 
Manganese . 
48-65 
46-15 
45 to 55 
49-69 
Iron 
710 
10-35 
5 to 10 
7-41 
Silica . 
2-23 
3-20 
2 to 5 
3-20 
Phosphorus . 
0-12 
0-2l 
0-20 to 0-30 
0-297 
Moisture 
MO 
1-30 
Insoluble 
3-52 
Partly 
on 
The working of the de- 
posit. 
account of the irregular nature of the scattered 
ore-bodies and partly because of the structural 
weakness of the enclosing rocks, it has been 
found necessary to excavate the whole of the 
mass of rock. Since big falls of side would occur from time to time 
were the sides of the pit kept vertical, the pit has been excavated 
in a series of steps some 6 to 10 feet high fsee Plates 47 to 50). At the 
eastern end of the quarry an attempt was once made to follow the 
manganese-ore into the lithomargic ' country ' by means of galleries, the 
object being to obviate the necessity of removing the large over- 
burden of lithomarges, etc., covering this part of the deposit. The 
attempt failed on account of the structural weakness of the rocks 
and presumably insufficient timbering and the galleries fell in ; so that it 
has been found necessary to remove the overburden and work down 
to the manganese -ore, as shown in Plate 49, where the old galleries are 
still visible. 
No attempt has been made to introduce any labour-saving appliances 
for removing the ore and waste from the quarry ; but instead these 
products are carried out of the pit on the heads of men, women and 
children, as can be seen in Plates 49 and 50. The ore is hand-dressed on 
the bank of the mine and stacked, and, after analysis, is hand-trammed 
to Garividi Railway Station. During the rains (July to September) work 
is stopped because the pit becomes partly filled with water. Before 
work can be resumed it is necessary to remove a large part of this 
