Chap. XL. ] vizagapatam : perapi. 1077 
This is equivalent to : — 
Manganese . . . . . . . .49-85 
Iron 4-80 
Silica (total) 1 -90 
Phosphi rus ........ 0'157 
In the only year (1899) for which the figures for Sandanandapuram 
have been separated from those of Kodur the output was 2,690 tons. 
The following analytical figures were supplied by Mr. Caplen : — 
Range of analysis 
of manganese-ores- 
Average analysis of 
manganese ores, 
1906. 
Manganese ..... 
45 to 50 
4814 
Iron ...... 
2 to 5 
2-35 
Silica ...... 
1-5 to 5 
3-05 
PLosphorue ..... 
018 to 0-30 
0 262 
Insoluble ..... 
4-10 
6. Sivaram. 
The rights to work this property, lying some 3 miles east of Kodur^ 
were acquired by the A. S. N. & Co., who quarried and carted a certain 
quantity of ore to Chipurupalli Railway Station. I did not visit the 
deposit, but the ore stacked at Chipurupalli Railway Station consisted 
of pyrolusite and psilomelane. 
7. Perapi. 
There are a large number of shallow excavations arranged over 
a distance of at least | a mile along a line stretching N. 20° W. to 
S. 20"^ E. The most northern excavation is about 300 yards S. 40" E. of 
Perapi village. These pits were, at the time of my visit, separated 
into two groups, the northern and the southern, by about a ^ mile of 
unopened ground. Dips, when seen, were usually fairly steep towards 
the east side. 
Ore is found both in detrital deposits overlying the rocks in situ^ 
and also in situ, either as replacement patches in the quartz-felspar- and 
felspar-rocks, or as combined alteration and replacement products of 
masses of spandite-felspar-rock and spanditc-pyroxene-rock. Thus 
the most northern pit shows 3 to 7 feet of detritus composed of 
fragments of ore with a small amount of interstitial gravel, while in 
IV 2 H 2 
