1094 MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [ PaET IV: 
Analyses of merchantable Garbhdm ores. 
Manganese- 
ore. 1896. 
Manganese- 
ore, 1896. 
Manganese- 
ore (cargo 
test), 1896. 
Range of 
analysis of 
manganese- 
„ _„ 1 fine 
ore, lyuu. 
A vera ge 
analysis of 
manganese- 
ore, [lyuo. 
Ferruginous 
manganese- 
ore, 1906. 
Manganese 
50'35 
45 08 
47-00 
40 to 49 
45-39 
35-43 
Iron 
(v38 
13-23 
10-80 
7 to 15 
9-99 
19-32 
Silica 
3-21 
4-60 
2-45 
3 to 10 
4 43 
6-90 
Phosphorus 
0-24 
0-27 
0-26 
0-35 to 0-55 
0-450 
0-423 
Moisture . 
1-65 
1-80 
1-48 
Insoluble . . 
608 
845 
The deposit is, as usual, worked by open-cast quarrying, carried out 
almost entirely by manual labour. To break 
poS^ working of tli8 de. ^^^^ ^^j;^ ^^^^^^ blasting has to be 
resorted to. Fig. 1, Plate 54, shows coolies at 
work drilling holes for blasting. The blasting is usually done during the 
middle of the day at the time when the coolies stop work for their midday 
meal. The ore and waste are carried out of the quarry on the heads of 
women and children. The ore after cleaning is mostly stacked on the 
south side of the mine, along which tram-lines have been laid. When the 
stacks have been sampled and assayed the ore is sent to Garividi Railway 
Station some 10 miles distant over a very poor road in country carts drawn 
by buffaloes and bullocks. The lowest part of the mine is in the S. E. 
corner, where there is a pit into which drains the comparatively small 
amount of water entering the workings ; from this the water is pumped 
to the surface and conducted to the rice-fields situated to the south of 
the mine. The floor of the workings at the S. E. end of the mine was, 
at the time of my visit, 120 feet below the top of the highest original 
outcrop on Hilltop, while the bottom of a big square pit just to S. W. of 
Hilltop was 101 feet (kindly measured by Mr. H. B. Geeson, by levelling) 
below the highest part of Hilltop. This means that manganese-ore has 
here been proved to exist at a depth of 100 feet below the surface. 
Plates 52 and 53 are views of the Garbham workings. In Plate 52, A is 
Hilltop, now capped with a dump. The quarried face of Hilltop seen 
in the Plate is practically the north wall of the deposit. C is a mass of 
manganese-ore with quartz-veins and chert. The hill seen in the dis- 
tance behind the quarry is probably a khondalite ridge. In Plate 53, 
