Chap. tL. ] 
VIZAGAPATAM : GARBHAM. 
1095 
the irregular mass of rock seen in the foreground is manganese-ore. 
Further back are seen step-like excavations in the soft kaoliriized 
quartz-fclspar-rock, while behind this are tram-lines and bungalows, 
with flat alluvial country stretching away to some distant hills. 
The output of manganese-ore from Garbham since the beginning 
of work in 1896, up till 1907, is shown 
Years. Long tons. 
1896 30,000 
1897 50,520 
1898 34,691 
1899 53,315 
1900 56,195 
1901 54,163 
1902 47,544 
1903 43,734 
1904 41,487 
1905 40,368 
1906 44,861 
1907 56,262 
Total . 553,140 
The output of 1906 and 1907 is divided as follows : — 
Manganese -ores. 
Ferruginous 
manganese -ores. ^ 
1906 
34,236 
10,625 
1907 ' • 
41,296 
14,966 
Tlie Palapguddi excavations whicli (see fig. 84) extend for about 250 
yards, in a W. 20° N. direction, were dug bv 
The Palapguddi work- j^ggsrs. Gordon, Woodroffe & Co., and Kovoori 
ings. 
Basivireddi. But they had to be abandoned 
at the instance of the Vizianagram Mining Co., because they lay within 
Garbham village limits. These excavations show abundance of wad 
1 The Vizianagram Mining Co. terms these ' mauganiferous iron-ores' and includes 
therein ores containing 35—43% Mn and not less than 15% Fe. 
