1098 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA: DESCRIPTIVE. [ IPaRT IV : 
ore had been extracted and despatched. Very Uttle ore in situ could be 
seen and this little was partly pyrolusite and partly psilomelane. No 
analyses are available. 
13. Gadasam. 
This deposit, lying some 4 miles S. W. of Garbham. was worked at 
some time between 1898 and 1900 by Messrs. Gordon, Woodroffe and 
Co., of Coconada and Kovoori Basivireddi, and a considerable quantity 
of ore was carted to Chipurupalli Railway Station, where I saw it still 
lying in 1905. It was of very poor quality. The property has been 
recently acquired by the Vizianagram Mining Co., and Mr. Caplen has 
furnished me with the following analysis as typical of this locality : — [ 
Manganese . ...... 46-87 
Iron 4-20 
Phosphorus 0-168 
Silica ........ 4-55 
The following is the output of manganese-ore in 1906 and 1907 : — 
Year. Long tons. 
1906 1,535 
1907 459 
14— Avagudem. 
This deposit is situated about 3 miles N. W.of ChipurupalU Railway 
Station and was worked between 1898 and 1900 by Messrs. Gordon, 
Woodroffe & Co. and Kovoori Basivireddi, by whom a large amount 
of excavation was done and a considerable quantity of ore — perhaps 
2,000 or 3,000 tons — extracted, a little being sent to Chipurupalli 
Railway Station. It has recently been acquired by the Vizianagram 
Mining Co., who are now working it for export. 
As I saw it in January 1905, the deposit had been exposed for about 
750 paces in a W. ] G° N. direction by a series of pits and trenches, 
and ore in situ was visible at intervals over nearly the whole of this 
length. The ore-band seemed to form a vertical reef, and ranged up 
to 55 feet in width. The ' country ' where visible, consisted of 
quartz-felspar-rock and vein-quartz ; but often it was not seen at all, 
owing to the large amount of detrital manganese-ore. In one place 
near the western end of the deposit some psilomelane containing abund- 
ant small crystals of manganese-garnet was found, 'ndicating that the 
ores here have probably been derived from rocks similar to those found 
at Kodur and Garbham. 
