1106 MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : DESCRIPTIVE. [ PaRT IV : 
Mr. Caplen informs me that ferruginous manganese-ores of the fol- 
lowing analysis are now (1906) being quarried at Rainabhadrapuram : — 
Manganese 
Iron. 
Silica 
Phosjhorus 
Insoluble . 
At the time of my 
Boring operations. 
3711 
14-22 
5-65 
0-455 
9-63 
.'isit a series of bore-holes was being put down on 
the unopened ground between the Mamidipilli 
and Bankuruvalsa workings. The bore-holes 
were 6 inches in diameter and were drilled by percussion boring with a 
chisel on the end of IJ-inch square iron rods. The rock was therefore 
brought up m the powdered form as a sort of mud, which was washed 
and the larger chips kept. Any lithomarge or ochre would, of course, 
have been lost in this process, but was saved by making small bricks 
out of the slimes. The rods were actuated by means of the horizontal 
trunk of a palm-tree, pivoted near the bore hole end and moved up and 
down by 5 men at the farther end of the trunk, while 3 men rotated the 
boring rods by means of a brace-head. The mud and sand were 
recovered from the bore-hole by means of an iron sludger 2 inches in 
diameter and 4 feet long, with a valve at the bottom. 
In the S. E. corner of the most easterly Mamidipilli pit a thickness 
of 12 feet of thin-bedded quartzites was exposed, dipping at about 
SO*^ to S. 25^ E. and overlying the ore, lithomarge, etc., seen in this pit- 
The bore-holes were located to the south of the line of strike of these 
quartzites when produced to the east. Hence any ore encountered in 
the bore-hole before reaching the quartzite must belong to a different 
band of rocks overlying the quartzites. One such bore-hole passed 
through the following rocks before reaching what was probably the 
quartzite : — 
13 feet 
36 feet . . . ore. 
fragments of quartz and ore mixed, 
ore. 
ore and quartz, 
quartz powder ( = ? quartzite). 
10 feet 
8 feet 
1 foot 
4 feet 
72 feet 
and hence indicates the existence of such a second band of ore-bearing 
rocks, and also proves the existence of ore at a depth of 67 feet. 
