1120 MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA: DESCRIPTIVE. [ PaRT IV: 
Chitaldrug District. 
The manganese-ore deposits found in tiiis district are, as far as I 
know, all associated with the belt of Dharwar rocks designated the 
Dambal-Chiknayakanhalli band by Foote. The eastern edge of this 
band has been separated by the Mysore Geological Department under 
the name of the Jadanhalli belt of schists, and the remainder named 
the Chitaldrug belt. It is in the latter portion of this belt that all 
the Chitaldrug manganese-ore deposits have been found. Mr. P. Sampat 
Iyengar of the Mysore Geological Department has given an interesting 
account of the geology of the part of the Chitaldrug belt of Dharwar 
schists lying n the Chitaldrug districts. ^ Reclaims to have found con- 
glomerate layers separating this series of rocks into three formations, 
which he designates as follows in ascending order : — 
1. The Javanhalli fromation. 
2. The Chitaldrug formation. 
3. The Gudad-Rangavanhalli formation. 
These three formations are characterized in the main by the following 
rocks : — 
1. Hornblende-schists. 
2. Chlorite-schists. 
3. Clays. 
He thinks that the last-named formation has affinities with the 
Kadapahs. Even if the truth of the necessity of breaking up the. 
schists of this area into three formations be established, I still do not 
think it is necessary to regard the three formations as anything else than 
three divisions of the Dharwsir series. The term Dhdrivdr is a 
comprehensive one and can be applied to all the sedimentary schists 
lying below the Eparchgean unconformity. It is extremely probable 
that there are many breaks in this schistose formation in different parts 
of India, but we can hardly hope to be able to correlate such breaks in 
different parts of India with any degree of certainty, and hence must 
make use of a general term to include the whole of this series of schists 
without taking any notice of the breaks. The term ' Dharwar ' seems 
to be the term to use thus. Further, from what I have seen of 
Mr. Sampat Iyengar's Gudad-Rangavanhalli formation, or as he calls 
1 Op. til., VI, Part II, pp, 67-03, with a geological map, (1904-05). 
