MEMOIRS 
OF 
THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA. 
The Coalfields of India. 'By the late Professor V. 
Ball, C.B., LL.D., F.R.S. Entirely revised and 
largely re-written by R. R. Simpson, M.Sc, Inspector 
of Opines, formerly ^Mining Specialist to the Geological 
Survey of India. 
Chief Works of Reference. 
1881. V. Ball, Manual of the Geology of India, Vol. Ill, Economic Geology, 
pages 59—120, 572—5, 598—605. 
1898 to date. The Dieector, Geological Sxjrvey or India. Annual and 
Quinquennial Reviews of the Mineral Production of India , 
Records, Geolojical Survey of India. 
1908. Sir T, H. Holland, K.C.I.E., P.Sc, F.R.S. Sketch of the 
Mineral Resources of India. 
1895 to date. The Chief Inspector of Mines in India. Annual Reports. 
CHAPTER I. 
GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE OF COAL IN INDIA. 
(i). The Gondwana Coalfields. 
The coal-seams of India occur in deposits younger than those 
in which the principal coalfields of Europe are 
Stratisraphical ar- r ^ t^r-j^i j. ■ j. j. j.- 
rano-ement. lound. With one or two unimportant exceptions 
the peninsular fields are confined to the great 
Gondwana (Permo-Triassic) system of Indian geologists. The rocks 
of this system are considered to have been almost entirely 
B 
