DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OK TlIK RESPECTIVE COALFIELDS. ](){ 
value of the coal deposits were made by LaTouclie ^ in 1888, 
R. R. Simpson in 1901 and C. M. P. Wiij^lit ^ in 190G. The 
coal-bearing rocks are of Tertiary (subatlni) age ; they are much 
disturbed and, as a rule, lie at high angles. Denuding agencies 
have exposed them in at least six separate areas situated in the 
hills some 30 miles noi'th of the city of Jammu. Owing chiefly to 
the difficulty of transport no one of the fields is at present worthy 
of commercial exploitation. Tiie seams have been nnich crushed 
and the coal has acquired a graphitic texture, and is extremely 
friable. It is very variable in composition, and, as a rule, the 
volatile content is low, and the ash percentage high. 
Ladda-Sangar Marg. — In this the main area the length of the 
outcrop is about 40 miles. The single coal seam varies from nothing to 
20 feet in thickness. The only workable portion lies between Ladda 
and the Anji valley, where the seam averages about 31 inches in 
thickness and If million tons of coal are considered available whilst 
about 2 million tons in addition are possibly workable. 
Siro Valley. — This coalfield lies about 8 miles west of the prin- 
cipal field. The coal is of fair quality and occurs in two seams 
from one to four feet thick. The dip of the rocks is at an easy 
angle. It has been estimated that more than f million tons could 
be extracted from within a mile of the outcrop. 
Lodhra, Mehouyala, Kalakot and Dandli. — These are detached fields 
of which the first lies 10 miles north-east and the others from 6 
to 40 miles to the south-west of the principal coalfield. The quality 
of the coal in the Mehowgala and Kalakot fields is fair, but the 
difficulties of extraction too great for profitable exploitation. In 
the Lodhra and Dandli fields the fuel is worthless. 
Ans river^ — On the Upper Ans river, a tributary joining the 
Chenab near Riasi, thin strings of bright brittle coal are common 
in rocks considered by Lydekker to be of Carboniferous age. 
Jehlam river} — At Kohala and Uri on the Jehlam river, and 
in other localities among the rocks of Tertiary age in Kashmir 
thin strings of coal are not infrequent. Nearly 30 years ago about 
a bushel was extracted near Kohala and forwarded lo the 
1 Rec, G.8.I., Vol. XXI, 62, (J 888). 
2 G.S.I., Vo]. XXXII, pt. 4, (1904). 
3 Rcc, 0. S.I., Vol. XXXIV, pt. 1, pp. .37-39, (1900). 
« Lydekker, R. : Mfm., G.S.I. , Vol. XXII, 33?, (1883). 
^ Ibid. 
