DETAILEJ) DESCRIPTIONS OF THE RESPECTIVE COALFIELDS. IQS 
were supposed to have come. Before this was done, Mr. Foote ^ was 
deputed to examine the actual spot wliere the coal had been picked up. 
He found that tlie prevailing rock was granitic gneiss traversed by 
trap, and he demonstrated most clearly that the coal must have 
either dropped off a passing cart or have been carried by some 
other means from a depot of English coal on the railway, 3 miles off. 
Nellore. — Mr. G. Powell ^ in 1857 discovered in four different 
spots in the Caligherry taluk a substance which he states has such 
a strong similitude to coal that he " takes the liberty of calling it 
coal," and the places where he obtained it in quantities ''seams"; 
notwithstanding his matter-of-fact account of its mode of occurrence, 
his samples proved, on examination by Mr. Wall, to be simply 
fragments of schorl,^ but they did include one combustible sub- 
stance which Mr. Wall stated to be asphalt, but it appeared to 
have no history. Some real coal, that had previously been found 
here by Mr. Powell, Mr. Wall concluded had been carried there by 
accident. A piece of lignite from the alluvium in the Tada taluk 
had been shown to Mr. Wall by Dr. Hunter. 
Kadapah. — Dr. Hunter in the year 1871 brought to the notice 
of the Madras Government the opinion of a Mr. Adams, a prac- 
tical coal-miner, that there were good indications of coal at a spot 
5 miles north-north-west of Kadapah, where the limestones of the 
Karnul series have been quarried. The locality was visited by Mr. 
Foote,* who failed to find the faintest trace of any carbonaceous 
matter in the rocks. 
Kistna District. — In the year 1851 Colonel Applegarth was 
impressed with the idea that the rocks of Jugiapetta contained coal, 
and having made several small sinkings a substance which supported 
combustion was brought to him by those whom he employed ; 
much correspondence ensued, and at last, in January 1868, the 
locality was visited by Dr. Oldham, who was accompanied by 
Colonel Applegarth and Mr. Sturt, Acting Head Assistant of the dis- 
trict, who had already endeavoured without success to find traces 
justifying a belief in the existence of a coalfield. 
After careful examination. Dr. Oldham was compelled to report ^ 
that there were no grounds whatever for hope that coal would 
1 Rec, a. S. 1., Vol. IV, p. 16. 
2 il/arfra.y Jom. of Lit. <k Set., Vol. XVIII, p. 291. 
3 Cf. Kina, M'. Ecc, G. 8. I., Vol. VII, p. 160. 
* Rec, G. S. I., Vol. VI, p. 17. 
* Proceedings, Madron Govt, Rev. Dept., 5th March 1868. 
