114 
BALL AND SIMPSON: COALFIELDS OF INDIA. 
moisture in the fuel and rendering it impervious to atmospheric 
influences. These experiments have taken the form of a special 
process of briquetting in which no binding agent is employed, but 
the particles of ground and dried coal are induced to adhere to one 
another by the sole agency of compression at a pressure of from 
10 to 12 tons per square inch in specially designed machines. 
It is proposed to import elaborate plant from Europe and to con- 
vert a large proportion of the output into briquettes. Samples 
of briquettes supplied to the Geological Survey of India in 1904 
were of a hard texture, and had a glazed superficial crust which 
appeared to be well adapted to resist the action of atmospheric 
agencies. Analyses of the coal and briquettes gave the following 
results : — 
Coai. 
Briquette 
(No. 1). 
Briquette 
(No. 2). 
Moisture 
22-90 
14-84 
9-32 
Volatile matter 
35-36 
40-64 
44-36 
Fixed carbon 
38-16 
38-78 
38-80 
Ash .... 
3-58 
5-74 
7-52 
In 1911 the output from the colliery was 12,744 tons, the decline 
in quantity since 1904 being fourfold. 
(xix). United Provinces. 
Carbonaceous deposits of young Tertiary age have been fre- 
quently noticed in the S..b-Himalayan rocks. Sir Probyn Cautley ^ 
appears to have been the first to draw attention to these 
deposits, which he did in the year 1828. At Silani, under Nahan, 
seams of coaly matter of from half an inch to three inches thick 
were discovered, and at the Kalawala Pass leading into Dehra Dun 
accumulations of vegetable matter turned into lignite were found 
in two localities. Captain Herbert ^ apparently refers to the 
same locality as the Timli Pass, and he states that the substances 
had the appearance of common charcoal with the woody structure 
well preserved. At the Kheri Pass carbonaceous matter occurred 
both in seams and as imbedded logs or stumps. Another locality 
is in the bed of the BuUa near Bham^'uri and near Ranibagh close to 
Hulduani. 
1 A.i. Res., Vol. XVI, p. 387. 
? 4s. Res., Vol. XVI, p. 397. 
