'I'lIK rALCIMItS. 
from the tVindhyan formation, and occasional pchhles or .siriull 
boulders of red jasper breccia that mi^^ht have come from 
the Hijuwars. Amonffst tin; Vindhyan fragments some wer(! in- 
distin;i;iiishable, as far as memory went, from the Upper R(!wah 
sandstone that I had seen in Baraunda State in Central India 
immediately before my visit to Korea. Other pebl)les mi<^ht have 
been derived from the Kaimurs. Vindhyan fra<^ments seemed most 
abundant down the westerii marjiin of the State, and were 
particularly common near Sakra in the S. W. corner. Some of 
the largest masses were angidar blocks, whilst others were well 
rounded boulders and pebbles. Many of the suiall boulders and 
pebbles in the Talchirs show the facetting characteristic of the 
group and occasional scratched pebbles are found, the scratches 
being best preserved on hard fine-grained materials (see Plate 22.\ 
for a fine example of a scratched and facetted boulder). Since 
the nearest Upper Vindhyan rocks lie in Central India to the 
north and north-west, where Bijawar rocks als(j occur, it seems 
likely that the ice concerned in the formation of these boulder 
beds came from tlie N. W. quadrant. In another paper it 
is suggested that Korea marks the position of a breach in the 
Satpnran protaxis, through which flowed the river that deposited 
the line of Gondwana rocks stretching through Sambalpur to 
Talcher State. 
Towards the upper portion of this series, sandstones occur 
in considerable abundance ; they are usually extremely fine-grained, 
frequently argillaceous and of some tint of greenish to brownish- 
yellow. Not infrequently, however, they are comparatively free 
from argillaceous or ferruginous material, and are then harder and 
of pale cream tints. 
The only place where I saw a good exposure of the actual 
boundary between the Talchirs and the over- 
Jcttunlar;:'''" ^^^^ Barakars was in the Gorghela Nala, 
north of Dubchola. The exposures here are 
practically continuous, indicating a gradual upward passage 
from Talchirs to Barakars. The uppermost Talchir rocks form an 
interbedded series of shales and fine-grained argillaceous sandstones, 
with some thin bands of limestone, and a little sandstone with 
poikilitic calcite cement ; whilst the lowermost Barakars consist 
of predominant fine-grained argillaceous sandstone with occasional 
interlaminated shaly bands, passing upwards into coarser srained 
