Ixvi 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA. 
specially characteristic of the presence of manganese are various 
shades of red, pink, and lavender. A list is given enumerating all the 
well-defined minerals containing either a considerable proportion of 
manganese, or sufficient of this element to produce a marked change in 
the characters of the mineral, especially of the colour. The nimiber of 
such minerals is 156. Of these minerals 44 — enumerated on page 34 — 
have been found in India, the identifications of 11 of them being 
doubtful, and really indicating the already-known mineral to which the 
Indian one bears the closest resemblance. Later examination of these 
may in some cases show that they are different to any previously 
known minerals. During the examination of the minerals found in the 
Indian manganese deposits several new varieties and species have been 
discovered. These are as follows : — 
Oxides : — 
Vredenburgite, 
Sitaparite, 
Manganates : — 
Hollandite, 
Beldongrite, 
Pyroxenes : — 
Blanfordite, 
Amphiboles : — 
Winchite, 
Juddite, 
whilst two new names — spandite and grandite-—h.ave been introduced to 
designate certain garnets. Accounts of these various minerals are 
given in the succeeding chapters. In addition to the minerals that 
have been sufficiently investigated to be named, one manganiferous 
phosphate and three arsenates, all probably new, have been found. 
Some of the manganiferous micas found are also probably new varie- 
ties. 
[CHAPTER III.] 
Oxides. 
Vrederihurfiite. — This is a bronze-tinted dark eel-grey mineral; 
roughly speaking it is as magnetic as magnetite, sometimes even 
