SYNOPSIS OP PART III. 
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[Part ill.] 
[ECONOMICS AND MINING.] 
[CHAPTER XXI.] 
History of the Indian Manganese Industry. 
From time immemorial manganese-ores have been worked to a small 
extent by the natives of India, the uses to which they put the ores 
being in glass-making, as surma for the eye-brows, and in the manufac- 
ture of special brands of iron. And in connection with this it is 
interesting to note that there is at least one word that apparently 
signifies manganese-ore as distinct from other ores. This is waral, used 
by the Dhavads of Mahabaleshwar. 
It was not until 1892, however, that any attempt was made to work 
the Indian deposits for export to the European and American markets. 
During the following years the manganese-quarrying industry has 
spread to many parts of India, and the export of this commodity has 
now reached such a large figure that in 1906 India reached the first 
place as a producer of manganese-ore, which position she probably 
retained during 1907. 
The following table shows the dates at which the industry started in 
the various parts of India : — 
District or State. 
Province. 
War 
Vizagapatam . 
Madras ...... 
1892 
Nagpur .... 
Central Provinres ..... 
1899 
Ealaghat 
Ditto 
1901 
Bhandara 
Ditto 
1901 
Jhabua .... 
Central India ..... 
1903 
Singhbhum 
Bengal ...... 
1904 
Belgaum 
Bombay ...... 
1905 
Sandur .... 
Madras ...... 
1905 
Shimoga .... 
Mysore ...... 
1905 
Panch Mahals . 
Bombay ...... 
1906 
Chhindwara 
Central Provinces . . . 
1906 
Goa .... 
Pol tuguese India ..... 
1906 
Chitaldrug 
Alysore ...... 
1906 
Tumkur .... 
Ditto 
1906 
Las Eela 
Baluchistan ...... 
1907 
Jabalpur 
' Central Province? ..... 
1907 
