4 MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : INTRODUCTION. [ PaRT I 
industry the Geological Survey was in possession of nearly all the 
information — summarized in Ball's Economic Geology and Mallet's 
Mineralogy — that was available concerning the Indian manganese-ore 
deposits. But, as so often happens when a particular set of mineral 
deposits is first opened up, our knowledge of the deposits did not increase 
commensurately ^vith the development of the industry ; and the geologi- 
cal evidence made available by the opening up of the manganese 
quarries was neglected. Consequently by the year 1903 there was a 
flourishing industry in our midst about which the Geological Survey 
knew very little ; and in this same year I was deputed by Dr. Holland, 
Director of the Geological Survey, to investigate the manganese-ore 
deposits of India. 
During the previous field season (1902-03) I had, in company 
with Jlr. E. Vredenburg, first come into contact with manganese-ore 
deposits in the field ; namely, in Indore State and the Dhar Forest ra 
Central India, and in the Hoshangabad and Nimar districts in the Central 
Provinces. During the ensuing field seasons I visited the following 
manganese areas : — 
1903- 04. — Nagpur, Chhindwara, Bhandara, Balaghat and Jabal- 
pur districts. Central Provinces. 
1904- 05. — Jabalpur district, Central Provinces ; Ganjam and Viza- 
gapatam districts, Madras ; Singhbhmn district, Bengal ; Jhabua State, 
Central India ; Panoh Mahals and Satara districts and Narukot State, 
Bombay. 
In December, 1906, I was able to revisit the deposits of Kandri, 
Mansar, Satak, Beldongri, Lohdongri, Kacharwahi, Waregaon, Mandri, 
and Manegaon, in the Nagpur district, and bring my knowledge ■with 
regard to these deposits up to date. I was also able to examine two fresh 
deposits : Panchala in Nagpur and Asalpani II (Karli) in Bhandara. 
During August and September, 1907, I made a brief examination 
of a few of the deposits in the Sandur State, Bellary district, Madras ; 
and during September, in the Chitaldrug, Kadur, Shimoga, and Tumkur 
districts, Mysore. In October and November, 1907, I found a few 
occurrences of manganese-ore in the Nilgiri Hills, and in the latter 
month paid a short visit to some of the deposits in the Portuguese 
territory of Goa. In December, 1907, I visited Talevadi in Belgaum, 
and revisited parts of the Central Provinces ; whilst in January, 1908, 
I was abl'; to examine Leda Hill in Singbbhum. 
