10 MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : INTRODUCTION [ PaRT. I I 
importance, being mere records or short accounts of isolated occur- 
rences. Some of them, however, are of more importance, and to these I 
shall here refer. 
Leaving out a vague reference by Dr. W. Ainslie ^ in 1813 to the 
occurrence of manganese in Mysore, the earliest references to the 
occurrence of manganese in India are contained in two papers 
by Captain F. Jenkins2 and Dr. H. W. VoyseyS, respectively, 
dealing with the mineralogy and geology of the Nagpur area, 
Central Provinces ; the manganese-ore deposits referred to occur in 
crystalline limestone and are described in this Memoir as the Junawani 
and Ghogara deposits. After this Lieutenant (and later Captain) T. J. 
Newbold, F.E.S., in a series of papers on the mineralogy and geology of 
Southern India published between the years 1840 and 1846, mentions 
several occurrence? of manganese-ore in Madras, Bombay, Mysore, 
and Haidarabad. Of these the most important are the accounts of the 
occurrence in the Kappat Gudda at Chik-Vadvati 4 [the Chick 
Wodoorti of Newbold], and of the lateritic manganese-ore of Bidar in 
Haidarabad 5. In 1852 Dr. A. J. Scott6 published an account 
with analyses of two specimens of manganese-ore from the Vizagapatam 
district, he being the first to discover the existence of braunite in India. 
In 1879, F. R. Mallet published two papers entitled ' On Braunite, with 
Rhodonite, from near Nagpur, Central Provinces '7, and ' On Pyro- 
lusite with Psilomelane occurring at Gosalpur, Jabalpur District ' 8. 
On pages 326-332 of Part III, Economic Geology, of the Manual of the 
Geology of India, published in 1881, V. Ball gave a very good simimary 
of aU that had been written previous to this date on the subject of Indian 
manganese-ores. To this work I shall refer in the body of this Memoir 
as Ball's Economic Geology. A further paper by F. R. Mallet, entitled 
' On Lateritic and other Manganese Ore occurring at Gosalpur. Jabalpur 
district' 9, was published in 1883 ; whilst the same author on pa^es 
55-59, 61, 62, 84, 90, 113, 139, 140, of Part IV, Mineralogy, of the 
1 ' Materia Medica of Hindoostan', p. 57. 
2 Asiatic Researches, XVIII, pt. 1, pp. 208, 210, (1833); abstract in Glean Sci I 
pp. 226, 227, (1829). ' ' 
3 A.i. Re,9.. XVIII, pt. 1, p. 127, (1833) ; abstract in Glean, fici., I. p. 28, (1829). 
4 Madras Jour. Lit. Set., XI, pp. 44-46, (1840); and Jow, Boy. As Sac VII nn 
212-214, (1843). " ' 
5 Jo2ir. A.S. Soc. Beng., XIII, pp. 992-995, 1002, (1844). • 
6 Edtn. New Phil. Jour.. \AU, Y>V- 277-279,(1862). 
7 Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind., XII, pp. 73, 74, (1879). 
8 Ihid., pp. 99, 100. 
9 Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind., XVI, pp. 116-118, (1883). 
